270 



Eriocaulaceae; Commelinaceae 



take Ito-hoshi-kusa. Staminate calyces deeply 3-fid, 



otherwise with the characters of the typical phase. Honshu 



(n. distr.). 



Var. nosoriense (Ohwi) Ohwi & T. Koyama. E. nosori- 

 ense Ohwi Nosori-hoshi-kusa. Pistillate flowers with ir- 

 regular deeply 3-fid calyces ciliolate on margin, the petals 



sparsely pilose inside. Honshu (Nosori-ike Moor, Ko- 



dzuke Prov.). 



25. Eriocaulon ozense T. Koyama. Hara-inu-no-hige. 

 Slender, stemless annual; leaves 4-7, erect-spreading, narrowly 

 linear, 1-6 cm. long, 0.3-1 mm. wide, gradually acuminate; 

 peduncles few, 6-12 cm. long, slender, 4-ribbed; heads obovoid, 

 2.8-3.5 mm. long, 2.3-3 mm. wide, grayish white, few-flow- 

 ered; involucral bracts 3-5, ovate-oval or ovate-elliptic, thin, 

 whitish, deltoid-acute at apex; receptacle pilose; floral bracts 

 oval to ovate-oval, thin, the upper i4 blackish tinged and 

 short-puberulent outside; pistillate flowers 2-2.3 mm. long, the 

 calyx ovate-orbicular, spathelike, sharply 3-lobed at apex, 

 densely pilose on both sides, the lobes quite glabrous and black- 

 ish, the petals ovate-rhomboid, densely pilose inside, rounded 

 and white pubescent at tip, the stigmas 3, shorter than the 



style. Sphagnum bogs; Honshu (Oze Moor, Kodzuke 



Prov.). 



26. Eriocaulon atrum Nakai var. atrum. Kuro-inu-no- 

 HiGE. Stemless annual; leaves linear, 2-10 cm. long, 2-4 

 mm. wide, acute, 7- to 9-nerved; peduncles several, 7-10 cm. 

 long, soft, 4- or 5-ribbed; heads hemisphaerical, 2 mm. long. 



4 mm. across; involucral bracts ovate-oblong, obtuse, about 2 

 mm. long, shorter than the disc flowers, usually the upper half 

 blackish; receptacle pilose; floral bracts broadly obovate, 2 mm. 

 long, rather obtuse, glabrous except minutely ciliate on the 

 margin; pistillate flowers exceeding the bracts; calyx an olive- 

 black 3-lobed spathe, glabrous outside, minutely ciliolate on the 

 upper margin, pilose inside; petals 3, free, lanceolate, cuneate 

 at base, subbifid at apex, long-pilose inside; stigmas 3, longer 



than the style. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Korea. 



Var. nakasimanum (Satake) T. Koyama. E. na\asi- 



manum Satake Tsukushi-kuro-inu-no-hige. Differs from 



the typical variety in the glabrous receptacle, not blackish in- 

 volucre, and quite glabrous petals. Kyushu. 



Var. intermedium Nakai ex Satake. Saikoku-kuro-inu- 

 No-HiGE. A transitional phase between the typical variety 

 and var. nakasimanum, distinguishable from the former by 



the not blackish involucral bracts. Honshu (w. distr.) and 



Kyushu. 



Var. hananoegoense (Masam.) T. Koyama. E. hana- 



noegoense Masam. Yakushima-hoshi-kusa. A dwarf 



phase of the typical variety known only on Yakushima (Kyu- 

 shu). 



Var. glaberrimum (Satake) T. Koyama. E. glaberrimum 



Satake ^Nemuko-hoshi-kusa. Flowers of both sexes 



wholly glabrous except the pistillate petals which are pilose 

 inside. Hokkaido (Nemuro) . 



Fam. 47. COMMELINACEAE Tsuyu-kusa Ka Spiderwort Family 



Perennial or annual herbs; leaves flat, parallel-nerved, with a midrib, the base forming a membranous closed sheath about 

 the stem; flowers bisexual, often ephemeral, actinomorphic or zygomorphic; perianth-segments of 2 whorls, the sepals 3, usually 

 green, often persistent, the petals 3, free or connate below; stamens 6, in 2 series, often some of them sterile, the filament often 

 bearded; ovary superior, 2- or 3-locular, the stigmas small; ovules few, on the inner angle of the locule, orthotropous; capsule 



loculicidal when dehiscent; seeds angled. About 25 genera, with about 350 species, in all tropical regions, a few in temperate 



zones. 



lA. Capsule not dehiscent, fragile; inflorescence a terminal paniculate cyme; leaves large 1. Pollia 



IB. Capsule dehiscent. 



2A. Androecium of 6 perfect stamens; stem twining 2. StreptoUrion 



2B. Androecium of 3 perfect and 1 to 3 sterile stamens. 



3A. Cyme surrounded by a spathe 3. Commelina 



3B. Cyme not surrounded by a spathe 4. Aneilema 



1. POLLIA Thunb. Yabu-myoga Zoku 



Large perennial herbs with flat, broadly lanceolate, alternate leaves on simple stems; cymes several to numerous in a terminal 

 panicle; sepals 3, persistent; petals smaller, equal, white, obovate; stamens 6, all or only 3 perfect, the filaments glabrous, the 

 anthers with 2 parallel locules; ovary 3-locular, the ovules few in each locule; capsules globose, berrylike, crustaceous and fragile. 

 ^Fifty to sixty species, in e. and s. Asia and tropical Africa. 



1. Follia japonica Thunb. Commelina japonica Thunb.; beneath, the lower ones reduced to a sheath; peduncles erect, 



Aneilema japonicum (Thunb.) Kunth; P. japonica var. minor 10-30 cm. long, white-puberulent; inflorescence 5-15 cm. long, 



Hayata; P. minor Honda Yabu-myoga. Perennial; stem the pedicels about 4 mm. long, the bracts narrowly ovate, 



terete, erect from long-creeping slender rhizomes, 30-80 cm. thinly membranous, acute; flowers white, about 7 mm. across, 



long, rather stout; leaves about 10, loosely alternate, flat, nar- with 6 perfect stamens; fruit about 5 mm. in diameter. 



rowly oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 20-30 cm. long, 3-6 cm. Aug.-Sept. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, 



wide, acute at both ends, scabrous above, sparsely puberulent Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



2. STREPTOLIRION Edgew. Aoi-kazura Zoku 



Slender scandent herbs; stem branched, much elongate; leaves long-petioled, the blade ovate-cordate, acute, with a tubular 

 sheath at base; flowers few in a short cyme subtended by a small leaflike spathe; sepals oblong, free; petals linear; stamens 6, 

 with hairy filaments and transversely fixed anthers; ovary 3-locular, the style slender, the ovules 2 in each locule; capsule 3- 

 angled, ellipsoidal, prominently beaked; seeds tubercled and wrinkled. Three species, in India and e. Asia. 



