274 



JUNCACEAE 



Shikoku, Kyushu. China, Korea, and Amur. The typical 



phase, with slightly smaller capsules nearly as long as the peri- 

 anth, occurs in India and sw. China. 



3. Luzula rostrata Buchen. Miyama-nuka-boshi-s6. 

 Very much like the preceding but more slender; leaves 3-6 

 mm. wide; flowers reddish to dark red-brown; perianth-seg- 

 ments lanceolate, acute, 2.5-3 mm. long; stamens 2/3 as long 

 as the perianth-segments, the anthers oblong, conspicuously 

 shorter than the filaments; capsule longer than the perianth; 



seeds with a caruncle as long as the body of the seed. June- 



Aug. Alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. 

 distr.). 



4. Luzula capitata (Miq.) Miq. ex Komar. L. campes- 



iris var. capitata Miq. Suzume-no-yari, Suzume-no-hie. 



Tufted perennial; radical leaves broadly linear to linear, 7-15 

 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide; stems 10-30 cm. long; inflorescence 

 a capitate cluster of many flowers or sometimes composed of 

 2 to 3 peduncled clusters; flowers greenish to red-brown; peri- 

 anth-segments 2.5-3 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, sharply 

 acute; stamens 2/3 as long as the perianth-segments, the fila- 

 ments very short, terminated by a narrowly oblong anther; 



caruncle half as long as the body of the seed. Apr.-June. 



Quite common in grassy places in mountains and lowlands; 

 Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China, Korea, Sak- 

 halin, e. Siberia, and Kamchatka. 



5. Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej. L. intermedia 

 (Thuill.) Spenner; Juncus intermedius Thuill.; /. multiflorus 

 Retz.; L. campestris var. multiflora (Retz.) Celak.; L. cam- 



pestris sensu auct. Japon., non DC. Yama-suzume-no-hie. 



Related to the preceding; radical leaves 6-15 cm. long, 2-5 

 mm. wide; inflorescence of several peduncled heads; flowers 

 tawny to red-brown; perianth-segments about 2.5 mm. long, 

 acute to cuspidate at apex; anthers narrowly oblong, as long 



as or slighdy longer than the perianth; caruncle half as long 



as the seed. Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Widely distributed in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere 

 and Australia. 

 Var. kjellmaimiana (Miyabe & Kudo) G. Sam. L. l^ell- 



manniana Miyabe & Kudo CnisHrMA-suzuME-No-HiE. 



Somewhat stouter, with dark to black-brown flowers; caruncle 

 1/3 as long as the seed, reported from Hokkaido (Ishikari 

 Prov.). n. Kuriles, and Kamchatka. 



6. Luzula oligantha G. Sam. L. campestris var. pauci- 

 flora Buch.; L. campestris var. sudetica sensu auct. Japon., non 

 Celak.; L. sudetica var. nipponica Satake and var. microsta- 



chya Satake Takane-suzume-no-hie. Perennial herb in 



small, tufted clumps; leaves 5-10 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide; 

 stem 10-20 cm. long; heads several, somewhat loosely disposed 

 in a terminal cyme; flowers dark brown; perianth-segments 

 lanceolate, about 2 mm. long, acute at apex, nearly equal in 

 length; stamens 2/3 as long as the perianth, the anthers ob- 

 long, half as long as the filaments; caruncle very short and 

 inconspicuous. June-Aug. Alpine slopes; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu (n. and centr. distr.), Shikoku. China, Korea, Kuriles, 



and Kamchatka. 



7. Luzula pallescens (Wahlenb.) Bess. Juncus palles- 

 cens Wahlenb.; L. campestris var. pallescens (Wahlenb.) 

 Wahlenb. Oka-suzume-no-hie. Closely resembling Lu- 

 zula multiflora, but smaller; leaves 2-3.5 mm. wide; flowers 

 including the capsule 2-2.5 mm. long, tawny or brown; peri- 

 anth-segments lanceolate, acute, all equal in length; stamens 

 2/3 as long as the perianth, the anthers oblong, as long as or 

 longer than the filaments; capsule nearly as long as the peri- 

 anth; caruncle minute and indistinct. Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu; rare. Korea, China, Kuriles, Sakhalin to Siberia, 



n. Europe, and Alaska. 



2. JUNCUS L. Igusa Zoku 



Perennials, rarely annuals, always glabrous ; leaf-blades various, grasslike, terete, stemlike or scalelike, the sheaths open on one 

 side, usually auriculate at top; flowers small, disposed in cymes or in heads, sometimes solitary, bracteoles sometimes present; 

 perianth-segments 6, in 2 series, glumelike; stamens 3 or 6; ovary superior, 1-locular, with parietal placentae, or the placentae 

 reaching the center and the ovary apparendy 3-locular, the ovules numerous, anatropous, the style 1, the stigmas 3, twisted; 

 capsule 3-valved, loculicidally dehiscent; seeds numerous, sometimes with a taillike appendage on one or both ends, the embryo 

 erect, the endosperm mealy. Nearly cosmopolitan with about 300 species. 



lA. Flowers prophyllate at base or each flower subtended by a pair of bracteoles. 



2A. Stems bearing normal leaves at least at base; leaves grasslike, flat or sulcate above; inflorescence terminal. 



3A. Annual; capsule perfectly 3-locular 1. /. bufonius 



3B. Perennial; capsule imperfectly 3-locular, or the placentae not quite reaching the center. 



4A. Perianth-segments obtuse, shorter than the capsule; anthers nearly as long as the filaments; auricle of the sheath small. 



2. /. gracillimus 



4B. Perianth-segments acute, longer than the capsule; auricles longer, scarious 3. /. tenuis 



2B. Stems without normal leaves, naked; leaves scalelike or sheathlike at the base of the stems; inflorescence pseudolateral, the lowest 

 bract being stemlike and continuing above the base of the inflorescence. 



5 A. Inflorescence few-flowered; lowest bract as long as or only slightly longer than the inflorescence 4. /. beringensis 



5B. Inflorescence many-flowered; lowest bract much longer than the inflorescence. 



6A. Capsule perfectly 3-locular, brownish green; stamens 3, rarely 6 5. /. efftisiis var. decipiens 



6B. Capsule imperfectly 3-locular. 



7A. Stamens 6; capsule dark brown to straw-colored. 



8A. Anthers Yi lo^i as long as the filaments; capsules straw-colored; rhizomes slender, with short internodes. . . 6. /. filiformis 

 8B. Anthers longer than the filaments; capsules reddish brown or blackish brown; rhizomes thick, with elongate internodes. 



9A. Capsule elongate-ovoid, 4-5 mm. long; anthers 3 times as long as the filaments; stems twisted 7. /. yokfiscensis 



9B. Capsules oblong-obovoid, 6-7 mm. long; anthers as long as the filaments 8. /. haen\ei 



7B. Stamens 3; capsules greenish 9. /. setchuensis var. effusoides 



IB. Flowers not prophyllate. 



lOA. Leaves grasslike, flattened, not septate; perianth-segments densely puncticulate, minutely scaberulous-papillose. . . 10. /. prominens 



