276 



JUNCACEAE 



creeping with very short internodes; culms terete, inconspicu- 

 ously striate, 25-60 cm. long; leaves few, basal, scalelike, 

 brownish, lustrous; inflorescence pseudolateral, many-flowered, 

 the lowest bract stemlike, appearing like a continuation of the 

 culm, 10-20 cm. long; flowers many, solitary, 2-2.5 mm. long 

 inclusive of the capsule, light green; perianth-segments equal 

 in length, acute; stamens 3, slightly shorter than the perianth, 

 the anthers slightly shorter than the filaments; capsules ovoid 

 or ellipsoidal, brownish; seeds obliquely obovoid, 0.5 mm. long. 

 Aug.-Oct. Wet places in lowlands and mountains; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common and rather 



variable. Ussuri, China, Korea and N. America. The typical 



phase occurs in Eurasia and N. America. 



6. Juncus filiformis L. /. filiformis var. curvatus 

 (Buchen.) Kudo; /. curvatus Buchen.; /. brachyspathus var. 



curvatus (Buchen.) Satake Ezo-hoso-i, Rishiri-i, Kara- 



FDTo-Hoso-i. Rhizomes short-creeping with abbreviated in- 

 ternodes; culms slender, nearly terete, 30-90 cm. long inclusive 

 of the culmlike lowest bract of the inflorescence, the basal 

 sheaths few, scalelike; inflorescence a pseudolateral, few-flow- 

 ered cyme, the lowest bract appearing like a continuation of 

 the culm, 10-20 (^0) cm. long, sometimes longer than the 

 culm; flowers about 3.5 mm. long including the capsule, peri- 

 anth-segments narrowly lanceolate, the outer acute, longer 

 than the somewhat obtuse inner segments; stamens 6, half as 

 long as the inner perianth-segments, anthers half as long as the 

 filaments; capsule oblong, obtuse, yellowish, nearly as long as 

 the inner perianth-segments; seeds ellipsoidal, 0.7 mm. long. 



Wet or swampy places in alpine or subalpine regions; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.). Sakhalin and the 



Kuriles to Siberia, Europe, and N. America. 



7. Juncus yokoscensis (Fr. & Sav.) Satake. /. fauriei 

 Lev. & Van't., pro parte; /. balticus var. japonicus Buchen.; /. 



glaucus var. yoXpscensis Fr. & Sav. Inu-i, Hira-i, Neji-i. 



Deep green perennial; rhizomes horizontally creeping, firm, 

 the internodes slightly elongate or short; culms erect, distinctly 

 compressed, 20-50 cm. tall, more or less twisted; the basal 

 sheaths scalelike; inflorescence pseudolateral, the lowest bract 

 having the appearance of a continuation of the culm, some- 

 times longer than the inflorescence; flowers solitary, numerous, 

 dense, 4-5 mm. long including the capsule; perianth-segments 

 broadly lanceolate, acute, brownish green dorsally, blackish 

 brown on both margins, the inner slightly shorter than the 

 outer; stamens 6, half as long as the perianth, the anthers lin- 

 ear, 1.5 mm. long, the filaments very short; capsules oblong- 

 ovoid, longer than the perianth, abruptly acute, dark brown; 



seeds obovoid, 0.8 mm. long. Wet sandy places, especially 



near seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). 



Var. laxus Satake. Tsukushi-inu-i. Inflorescence loose; 

 capsules gradually narrowed above and terminated by a mu- 

 cro; perianth-segments all equal in length. Kyushu. 



8. Juncus haenkei E. Mey. /. balticus sensu auct. Japon., 



non Willd.; /. balticus var. haen\ei (E. Mey.) Buchen. 



Hama-i, O-inu-i. Rhizomes firm, creeping horizontally; 



culms 30-50 cm. long, rather thick, terete, the basal sheaths 

 few, scalelike; inflorescence pseudolateral, 6- to 10-flowered, 

 the lowest bract culmlike, having the appearance of a continu- 

 ation of the culm, 10-20 cm. long; flowers solitary, 6-7 mm. 

 long inclusive of the capsule; perianth-segments lanceolate, 

 acute, greenish brown dorsally, reddish brown on both mar- 

 gins; stamens 6, about half as long as the perianth-segments, 

 the anthers as long as or slightly longer than the filaments; 



capsules obovoid-oblong, somewhat acute at apex, exceeding 

 the perianth, dark brown; seeds obovoid-oblong, nearly 1 mm. 

 long. Aug.-Oct. Wet sandy places along seacoasts; Hok- 

 kaido. ^Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, e. Siberia, Kamchatka, and 



Alaska. 



9. Juncus setchuensis Buchen. var. effusoides Buchen. 

 /. pauciflorus sensu auct. Japon., non R. Br. Hoso-i. Ciner- 

 eous-green; rhizomes short-creeping, branching; culms erect, 

 25-50 cm. long, slender, longitudinally striate, the basal 

 sheaths few, scalelike; inflorescence pseudolateral, cymose, 

 many-flowered, the lowest bract having the appearance of a 

 continuation of the culm, sometimes up to 20 cm. long; flow- 

 ers solitary, 3 mm. long inclusive of the capsule, light green; 

 perianth-segments acute, equal in length; stamens 3, slighdy 

 shorter than the perianth; capsule exceeding the perianth, al- 

 most spherical, very obtuse; seeds broadly ovoid, about 0.6 

 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. — - — China and Korea. 



10. Juncus prominens (Buchen.) Miyabe & Kudo. /. 



jalcatus var. prominens Buchen. Sekish6-i, Ezo-no-mikuri- 



ZEKisHO. Rhizomes long-creeping; stems terete, 15-30 cm. 

 long, minutely papillose and scaberulous; leaves grasslike, 

 flattened, 2-3 mm. wide, shorter than the culms, the cauline 

 1 to 2; inflorescence of 3 or 4, few-flowered heads, the lowest 

 bract short; flowers about 4 mm. long inclusive of the capsule, 

 pedicellate; perianth-segments nearly equal in length, the outer 

 broadly lanceolate, acute, the inner narrowly ovate, obtuse, 

 both dark reddish brown, papillose and scaberulous outside; 

 stamens 6, half as long as the perianth-segments, the anthers 

 slightly longer dian the filaments; capsules ellipsoidal, slightly 

 longer than the perianth, brown, emarginate; seeds obovoid. 



July-Sept. Peaty soils in lowlands; Hokkaido (Nemuro), 



Honshu (Mutsu). ^Kuriles, Kamchatka, and N. America. 



11. Juncus triceps Rostk. /. castaneus sensu auct. 



Japon., non Smith; /. sata\ei Kitag. Kuro-kocai-zekisho. 



Stems terete, 25^0 cm. long; basal leaves scalelike, the cauline 

 3 or 4, chiefly on the lower part of the stem, rather flat, 

 slightly involute, pluritubulose but smooth, 10-12 cm. long, 

 about 1 mm. wide, somewhat obtuse; heads 1 or 2, hemi- 

 sphaerical, 1-1.5 cm. in diameter, 4- to 6-flowered, the lowest 

 bract somewhat leaf like, usually exceeding the inflorescence; 

 flowers large, short-pedicelled, dark brown, 7-8 (-9) mm. long 

 inclusive of the capsule; perianth-segments lanceolate, acute; 

 stamens 6, nearly as long as the perianth, the anthers nearly 

 half as long as the filaments; capsule narrowly oblong, acute, 

 about twice as long as the perianth; seeds ellipsoidal, the body 

 about 1 mm. long, but 3^ mm. long inclusive of the long 



taillike appendage at both ends. Hokkaido (Mount Dai- 



setsu) . Kuriles, Korea, and e. Siberia. 



12. Juncus triglumis L. Takane-i, Shirouma-zekisho. 

 Rhizomes extremely short; stems terete, 6-15 cm. long; leaves 

 aggregated at the lower part of the culm, much shorter than 

 the culm, somewhat terete, 1-5 cm. long, 1 mm. wide, the 

 auricles rather large, ovate, obtuse; head solitary, terminal, 

 usually 3-flowered, the bract scalelike, reddish brown, nearly 

 as long as the head; flowers 4 mm. long or 6 mm. long inclu- 

 sive of the capsule, short-pedicelled; perianth-segments equal 

 in length, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, somewhat membranous, 

 reddish brown; stamens 6, usually as long as the perianth, the 

 anthers much shorter than the filaments; capsules ovoid, ob- 

 tuse; seeds with a white taillike appendage on each end, 2 mm. 

 long.- Aug.-Sept. Alpine regions; rare; Hokkaido (Mount 



