278 



Juncaceae; Stemonaceae 



ments, oblong; capsules elongate, conical-ovoid, exceeding the 

 perianth, reddish brown, lustrous, rather thick; seeds obovoid, 



0.5 mm. long. June-Sept. Wet places; Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. China. 



22. Juncus wallichianus Laharpe. /. prismatocarpus 

 var. leschenaultii subvar. unitubulosus Buchen.; /. kschenaultii 



var. radicans Fr. & Sav. Hari-kogai-zekisho. Rhizomes 



very short; stems terete or slightly compressed, not winged, 

 10-50 cm. long, 2- or 3-leaved; leaves all cauline, shorter than 

 the stem, linear-subulate, unitubulose, perfectly septate; in- 

 florescence terminal, cymose, the heads usually many, the 

 lowest bract leaflike, short; flowers 4-5 mm. long including 

 the capsule; perianth-segments lanceolate to narrowly lanceo- 

 late, cuspidate; stamens 3, about half as long as the outer 

 perianth-segments, the anthers much shorter than the fila- 

 ments; capsules narrowly oblong, 3-angled, gradually acumi- 

 nate at apex, exceeding the perianth, thin; seeds obovoid, 0.6 

 mm. long. Aug.-SepL Swampy places; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Sakhalin, Ussuri, Ryu- 



kyus, Formosa, China to India. 



23. Juncus papillosus Fr. & Sav. /. nipponensis Bu- 

 chen.; /. umbellifer Lev. & Van't. Ao-k6gai-zekish6. Rhi- 

 zomes elongate; stems terete, 20-30 cm. long, 2- or 3-leaved; 

 leaves all cauline, slightly compressed, unitubulose, shorter 

 than the stem, 1-2 mm. wide, perfectly septate; inflorescence 

 rather large, terminal, with many loosely disposed small 2- or 

 3-flowered heads; flowers 4-5 mm. long including the capsule, 

 the perianth-segments narrowly lanceolate, cuspidate, greenish, 

 the inner longer than the outer; stamens 3, 2/3 as long as the 

 outer perianth-segments, the anthers much shorter than the 

 filaments; capsules lanceolate, mucronate, much longer than 

 the perianth, brown, thin; seeds obovoid, about 0.6 mm. long. 

 ^Aug.-Sept. Swampy places; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu. China, Korea, Manchuria to e. Siberia. 



24. Juncus krameri Fr. & Sav. Tachi-kogai-zekisho. 

 Rhizomes creeping; stem terete, slightly thickened, 30-60 cm. 

 long, 2- or 3-leaved; leaves all cauline, shorter than the in- 

 florescence, terete, unitubulose, perfectly septate; inflorescence 

 a relatively dense terminal cyme of rather numerous, 3- to 

 10-flowered, small heads, the lowest bract leaflike, exceeding 



the inflorescence; flowers sessile, 3-4 mm. long when mature; 

 perianth-segments broadly lanceolate, acute, greenish, the inner 

 slightly longer than the outer; stamens 6, shorter than the 

 perianth-segments, the anthers ovoid, much shorter than the 

 filaments; capsules ellipsoidal, 3-angled, rather obtuse, slightly 

 longer dian the perianth, rather thick; seeds obovoid, 0.5 mm. 

 long. Aug.-Oct. Wet or marshy places; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Kyushu. Kuriles, Korea, Ryukyus, and n. China. 



25. Juncus diastrophanthus Buchen. Hiroha-no-k6- 

 gai-zekisho. Rhizomes very short; stems compressed, 2- 

 winged, 20-40 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, usually 3-leaved; 

 leaves all cauline, 10-20 cm. long, 3-5 mm. wide, linear-ensi- 

 form, strongly compressed, pluritubulose, the septa inconspicu- 

 ous; inflorescence a compound cyme of rather numerous 

 globose heads, the lowest bract leaflike, short; flowers 5-6 mm. 

 long including the capsule; perianth-segments linear, greenish, 

 cuspidate, equal or the inner slightly longer than die outer; 

 stamens 3, half as long as the perianth, the anthers oblong, 

 shorter than the filaments; capsules linear-lanceolate to 3- 

 angled-cylindric, cuspidate, much exceeding the perianth, thin; 



seeds obovoid, 0.6 mm. long. Aug.-Sept. Wet places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea 



and China. 



26. Juncus leschenaultii J. Gay. /. prismatocarpus var. 



leschenaultii subvar. pluritubulosus Buchen. Kogai-zeki- 



SHO, HiRA-KOGAi-ZEKisHO. Stems more or less tufted, 20-40 

 cm. tall, compressed, narrowly 2-winged, about 2 mm. wide, 

 few-leaved; leaves all cauline, 10-20 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, 

 strongly compressed, pluritubulose, ensiform; inflorescence a 

 compound cyme of usually numerous heads, large or rather 

 small, the lowest bract leaflike, shorter than the inflorescence; 

 flowers 4-5 mm. long including the capsule; perianth-segments 

 narrowly lanceolate, cuspidate; stamens 3, 1/3-1/2 as long as 

 the perianth-segments, the anthers shorter than the filaments; 

 capsule 3-angled, lanceolate to elongate-ovoid, acute, brownish, 

 slightly exceeding the perianth, rather membranous; seeds 



obovoid, about 0.6 mm. long. ^Aug.-Nov. Wet places; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. 



Kamchatka, Korea, Formosa, China, and India; highly vari- 

 able. 



Fam. 51 STEMONACEAE Byakubu Ka Stemona Family 



Perennial herbs with rhizomes or bulbs; stems erect, ascending or scandent; leaves alternate or opposite, longitudinally 

 nerved, with connecting transverse veinlets; flowers on axillary peduncles, 1 to several, actinomorphic, bisexual; perianth-seg- 

 ments 4, superior or semisuperior, in 2 ranks; stamens 4, inserted at the base of the perianth-segments or of the ovary, the 

 anthers dorsally attached; ovary 1-locular, the stigmas 1 or 3, the ovules more than 2, erect or pendant, anatropous; capsules 



dehiscent, 2-valved; seeds oblong, with an elongate embryo, the endosperm hardened. Three genera, with about 30 species, 



chiefly in the Tropics and warmer regions of e. and s. Asia, Australia, and N. America. 



lA. Stems twining, leafy, elongate; connective of anthers attenuated at tip into a linear appendage 1. Stemona 



IB. Stems erect, simple, few-leaved at top; anthers inappendiculate 2. Croomia 



1. STEMONA Lour. Byakubu Zoku 



Roots tuberous; rhizomes short; stems elongate, twining; leaves alternate or more often verticillate in 4's or 3's, lanceolate to 

 cordate, 3- to many-nerved, petiolate, with very many and prominent transverse close veinlets; peduncles axillary, solitary or 

 racemosely few-flowered; flowers bisexual; perianth segments 4, free, in 2 series, many-nerved, acuminate; filaments short, more 

 or less connate at base into a ring, anthers linear, erect, the connective attenuated at tip of the anther-locule into a linear ap- 

 pendage; ovary superior, 1-locular; stigma sessile; capsules ovoid or oblong, dehiscent, 2-valved; seeds oblong, striate, with a 

 fascicle of fleshy filaments on the funicle. ^Few species, India to Australia and China. 



