280 LiLIACEAE 



7B. Tepals deciduous; stigmas 3, deeply 2-cIeft; flowers large 10. Tricyrtis 



6B. Capsules loculicidal; anthers introrse. 



16A. Tepals connate, corollas infundibuliform; leaves dorsiventrally flattened, basal; seeds glabrous. 



17A. Leaves flat, petiolate, broad; flowers white to purplish 11. Hosta 



17b. Leaves strap-shaped, usually sulcate; flowers yellowish 12. HemerocalUs 



16B. Tepals free; leaves laterally flattened, evergreen; seeds 6, with long hairs at base 13. Alectorurus 



5B. Plants with bulbs. 



18A. Tepals persistent or tardily deciduous; stems naked, the leaves basal. 



19A. Inflorescence a many-flowered raceme 14. Scilla 



19B. Inflorescence umbellate-cymose with 1 or 2 large bracts at base. 



20A. Inflorescence umbellate-cymose with 2 slender green bracts at base; flowers few. 



21A. Flowers yellowish; tepals without glands 15. Gagea 



21B. Flowers white; tepals usually with a gland or depression near base 16. JJoydea 



20B. Inflorescence umbellate, enveloped while young by a membranous bract. 



22A. Tepals free 17. Allium 



22B. Tepals connate toward the base 18. Nothoscordum 



18B. Tepals deciduous; stems usually leafy. 



23A. Anthers versatile 19. Lilium 



23B. Anthers basifixed. 



24A. Tepals narrow, strongly recurved above 20. Erythronium 



24B. Tepals broader, not strongly recurved. 



25A. Tepals often maculate near base but not pitted; flowers campanulatc to infundibuliform 21. Tulipa 



25B. Tepals with a depression or nectariferous pit near base; flowers campanulate 22. Fritillaria 



4B. Fruit a berry; plants with rhizomes. 



26A. Tepals all alike; leaves cauline and alternate or radical. 



27A. Rhizomes sympodially elongate, the aerial stems arising apically. 



28A. Leaves scalelike, bearing in the axils leaflike or needlelike cladodes 23. Asparagus 



28B. Leaves larger, leaflike. 



29A. Filaments partly thickened; leaves linear, evergreen 24. Dianella 



29B. Filaments linear; leaves broader, not evergreen. 



30A. Tepals connate, tubular; stamens adnate below on the tube 25. Polygonatum 



BOB. Tepals free or nearly so; stamens free or nearly so. 



31A. Flowers supra-axillary 26. Streptopus 



31B. Flowers or inflorescence terminal. 



32A. Leaves radical 27. CUntonia 



32B. Leaves cauline. 



33A. Stems simple, unbranched; inflorescence a raceme or panicle. 



34A. Tepals 6; leaves few to several 28. Smilacina 



34B. Tepals 4; leaves 2 29. Maianthemum 



33B. Stems often forked; flowers 1 to several, umbellate; perianth deciduous 30. Disporum 



27B. Rhizomes monopodially elongate, aerial stems or branches arising from the axils. 

 35A. Styles columnar, the stigma simple. 



36A. Flowers in spikes, erect; corolla with a short tube, the lobes much longer than the tube 31. Reineckea 



36B. Flowers in recemes, nodding; corolla globose-campanulate, with short recurved lobes 32. Convallaria 



35B. Styles at the apex, dilated into broad stigma-lobes. 



37A. Scapes short, 1-flowered 33. Aspidistra 



37B. Scapes bearing a terminal dense many-flowered spike 34. Rohdea 



26B. Inner tepals usually smaller than the outer; leaves ternate or verticillate at the top of stem. 



38A. Leaves 4 to many; flowers 4-merous to polymerous 35. Paris 



38B. Leaves 3; flowers 3-merous 36. Trillium 



3B. Carpel-valves soon dehiscent and deciduous after anthesis and exposing large fleshy globose seeds; tepals free or nearly so. 

 39A. Flowers erect; ovary superior; filaments distinct; anthers oblong, obtuse at both ends; seeds commonly purple-black. 



37. Liriope 

 39B. Flowers nodding; ovary partly superior; filaments very short; anthers acute, sagittate at base; seeds blue-black or blue. 



38. Ophiopogon 



2B. Ovary partly inferior, adnate to the tepals; tepals connate and tubular in lower portion; fruit a capsule 39. Aletris 



IB. Subshrubs or herbs often with tendrils; leaves flat, the 3-7 parallel nerves joined with fine transverse veinlets; flowers in axillary um- 

 bels, small, unisexual; ovules orthotropus, pendulous, 1-2 in each locule. 



40A. Tepals free; stamens free 40. Smilax 



40B. Tepals connate, tubular; stamens 3, connate 41. Heterosmilax 



1. PROTOLIRION Ridl. Sakurai-s6 Zoku 



Small pale yellow saprophytic herbs from slender rhizomes; stems slender, usually simple, the leaves small, scalelike; flowers in 

 a terminal corymbose raceme, small, bisexual; tepals 6, connate at base, the outer smaller than the inner, the inner ovate, 

 ascending-spreading, with a small gland at base; stamens 6, the filaments subulate, the anthers ovate; capsule of 3 obliquely 

 spreading ovoid carpels, connate toward the base, dehiscent on upper margin, the ovules numerous; styles short, the stigma 

 capitellate; seeds small, brown. Three species, in Malaya, s. China, and Japan. 



