284 LiLIACEAE 



6. METANARTHECIUM Maxim. Nogi-ran Zoku 



Rhizomes short and stout; leaves radical, broadly oblanceolate, flat, abrupdy acuminate to acute, with a slender midrib; scapes 

 naked, simple or sparingly branched above; spikes elongate, glandular-pilose, the bracts and bracteoles small, the pedicels very 

 short; tepals linear, persistent, spreading above, 1-nerved; stamens 6, inserted near the base of the tepals, the filaments linear, 

 glabrous, the anthers oblong; ovary 3-locular, ovoid, the ovules many; style columnar, the stigma shallowly 3-lobulate; capsules 



narrovifly ovoid-conical, loculicidal; seeds small, brown, ovoid, with few longitudinal striations, not appendaged. One or two 



species, in Japan and Formosa. 



1. Metanarthecium luteoviride Maxim. Aletris luteo- very short pedicels, the bracteoles solitary, small; flowers yel- 



viridis (Maxim.) Franch. Nogi-ran. Radical leaves low-green, the tepals subobtuse, 5-8 (-10) mm. long, the fila- 



spreading, yellowish green, glabrous, oblanceolate to broadly ments slightly broadened below; capsules oblong, acute, shorter 



so, gradually narrowed at base, abrupdy acuminate to acute than the tepals; style about 2 mm. long. June-Aug. Moun- 



at apex, about 10-nerved, 8-20 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide; scapes tain meadows; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



20-40 cm. long, often with 1 or 2 branches above, naked; Var. nutans Masam. Yakushima-nogi-ran. Pedicels to 



spikes 3-20 cm. long, usually minutely puberulent, many- or 7 mm. long. Kyushu (Yakushima). 



sometimes several-flowered, the bracts linear, longer than the 



7. HELONIOPSIS A. Gray Shojobakama Zoku 



Glabrous perennial herb from short stout rhizomes; leaves radical, rosulate, evergreen, narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 

 narrowed gradually below to a petiolelike base; scapes arising from the center of the rosette, erect, simple, with few lanceolate 

 scalelike leaves; racemes few, rarely 1-flowered, often abbreviated and umbellate, the pedicels sometimes bracteate, bracteoles 

 absent; flowers nodding in anthesis, erect in fruit, the tepals 6, persistent, spathulate or oblong, spreading, pinkish, purplish, 

 or white, becoming greenish in fruit, obtuse; stamens 6, the filaments filiform; style simple, elongate, the stigma capitate; ovules 



numerous; capsules 3-lobed, septicidal on upper margin; seeds linear, caudate at both ends. Few species, in Japan, Formosa, 



and Korea. 



1. Heloniopsis orientalis (Thunb.) C. Tanaka. Scilla Var. flavida (Nakai) Ohwi. H. japonica var. flavida 



orientalis Thunb.; H. pauciflora A. Gray; Sugero^ia orientalis Nakai; Sugero^ia nipponica Ohwi; H. nipponica (Ohwi) 



(Thunb.) Koidz.; H. japonica Maxim.; H. grandiflora Fr. & Nemoto; H. japonica var. albiflora Honda; H. japonica var. 



Sav. Shojobakama. Rhizomes short and stout, the roots tessellata Nakai. Shirobana-shojobakama. Plants rather 



firm; leaves oblanceolate, or subspathulate, 7-15 cm. long, slender, the leaves slightly thinner, the margin undulate, often 



1.5-4 cm. wide, acute, short-mucronate, gradually narrowed violascent at base; flowers white, pale green in fruit, the tepals 



below, green and slightly lustrous above; scapes 10-60 cm. gradually narrowed below. Apr.-June. Honshu (Kanto 



long, elongate after flowering, with several small, greenish ap- Distr. and westw.). 



pressed sessile lanceolate leaves, especially below; racemes 3- to Var. breviscapa (Maxim.) Ohwi. H. breviscapa Maxim.; 



10-flowered, the pedicels 1.5-2 cm. long in fruit; flowers rose- H. japonica var. breviscapa (Maxim.) Honda; Scilla japonica 



purple, changing to purple- or brown-green in fruit, the tepals Thunb.; Sugero\ia japonica Miq.; H. orientalis var. yakjusi- 



1-1.5 cm. long, the anthers usually narrowly oblong; styles mensis (Masam.) Ohwi; H. japonica var. yal^usimensis Ma- 



about 2 cm. long. Apr.-June. Mountain thickets and sam.; H. breviscapa var. ya\usimensis (Masam.) Hara 



meadows, sometimes ascending to the alpine zone; Hokkaido, Tsukushi-shojobakama. The tepals slightly shorter, white to 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu (rare) ; rather common especially pale rose, cuneate below, the fruit reddish to yellowish green, 



northward. Korea and Sakhalin. Mountains; Kyushu. 



8. VERATRUM L. Shuro-s6 Zoku 



Rhizomes short, thickened, the roots stout; stems erect, rather stout, leafy, thickened below, usually with fibers disintegrated 

 from the sheaths at base; leaves narrow to broad, plicately nerved, narrowed and usually sheathed at base; flowers polygamous, 

 green, purple, brown, or white, numerous, on racemelike branches of the terminal panicle, short-pedicelled or nearly sessile, the 

 floral bracts becoming increasingly foliar toward the upper leaves, the tepals 6, persistent, spreading, oblong to spathulate, 

 many-nerved, narrowed below, not glandular-pitted; stamens 6, inserted at base of the tepals, the filaments filiform, the 

 anthers small, cordate-orbicular, extrorse, the locules confluent; ovary ovoid, trigonous, slighriy 3-lobed at apex; the ovules 



usually many; styles 3, short, stigmatic on the inside at apex. About 50 species, in the temperate to cooler regions of the 



N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Cauline leaves well-distributed, usually with some hairs on blades or sheaths; tepals white to greenish, usually denticulate. 



2A. Ovary glabrous; tepals slightly shorter than the stamens; pedicels longer than the tepals 1. V. stamineum 



2B. Ovary hairy or with hairlike tubercles; tepals much longer than the stamens; pedicels shorter than the tepals. 



3A. Tepals broadly lanceolate, subacute; inflorescence very densely flowered 2. V. oxysepalum 



3B. Tepals narrowly ovate to oblong, obtuse to subrounded at apex; inflorescence rather loosely flowered 3. F. grandifiorum 



IB. Cauline leaves confined to lower part of stem, glabrous; tepals green or dark brown-purple, entire. 



4A. Tepals ascending in fruit; inflorescence 10-20 cm. long, the bracts of main axis as long as to longer than the branches, rarely shorter; 



flowers greenish, rarely dark purple 4. V. longebracteatum 



4B. Tepals reflexed in fruit; inflorescence 15-50 cm. long, the bracts of main axis much shorter than the branches; flowers greenish to dark 

 purple 5. V. maackii 



