294 LiLIACEAE 



16. LLOYDEA Salisb. Chishima-amana Zoku 



Small bulbous herbs; leaves linear, radical; scapes with few short leaves; flowers 1-6, white, the tepals ascending, free, per- 

 sistent, lanceolate, 3- to 5-nerved, usually with a gland inside near base; stamens 6, shorter than the tepals; ovary sessile, 3-angled, 

 3-locular, many-ovuled; style short, the sdgma shordy 3-lobed; capsules membranous, obovoid or subglobose; seeds oblong, 

 small, slightly flattened. ^About 18 species, in the Mediterranean region, e. Asia, European alps, and N. America. 



lA. Bulbs cylindric, 4-7 cm. long, with a chartaceous coat; tepals with a transverse gland near base 1. L. serotina 



IB. Bulbs broadly ellipsoidal, small, less than 1 cm. long, with a thinly membranous coat; tepals without a gland 2. L. triflora 



1. Lloydea serotina (L.) Reichenb. Bulbocodium sero- florum Ledeb.; Gagea triflora (Ledeb.) Roem. & Schult. 



tinum L.; L. alpina Salisb. Chishima-amana. Bulbs cylin- Hosoba-no-amana. Bulbs broadly ellipsoidal, 6-10 mm. 



dric, the outer coat pale yellow-brown, barely split longitudi- long, the outer coat thinly membranous, entire, without verti- 



nally, with fine vertical lines; radical leaves usually 2, 7-20 cm. cal lines; radical leaves usually sohtary, 10-20 cm. long, 1.5-3 



long, about 1 mm. wide, abruptly subobtuse, flat, thick, keeled mm. wide, gradually obtuse, smooth, Hnear, 3-angled, soft; 



on back, the margin barely roughened and uneven; scapes 7- scapes 10-25 cm. long, few-leaved, the lowest leaf narrowly 



15 cm. long, usually decumbent, the leaves 1-3 cm. long, nearly lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide; inflorescence 2- to 



flat, with involute margin; flowers white, nodding, 10-13 mm. 4(-6)-flowered, the bracts linear, 7-12 mm. long, about 1 mm. 



long, the tepals narrowly oblong, obtuse, white, several- wide; flowers 1-1.5 cm. long, the tepals white, oblanceolate, 



nerved, the nerves often dark purplish outside; stamens half obtuse, with green striations; stamens about 3/5 as long as the 



as long as the tepals; anthers elliptic; style 2-2.5 mm. long, tepals, the anthers small, broadly elliptic; style about 4 mm. 



the stigma obsoletely 3-lobed; capsules 6-7 mm. long, broadly long, obscurely 3-lobed. May-June. Thickets and mead- 



obovoid. June- Aug. Rocky slopes and cliffs in alpine ows in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku. Siberia, 



zone; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Circum- Kamchatka, Ussuri, n. and centr. China, Sakhalin, Kuriles, 



boreal. and Korea. 



2. Lloydea triflora (Ledeb.) Bak. Ornithogalum. tri- 



ll. ALLIUM L. Negi Zoku 



Perennials with tunicate bulbs, solitary or tufted, sometimes with a short rhizome at base; leaves linear, cylindric, or rarely 

 flat and oblong; scapes naked above, the lower part enclosed by the sheaths of the radical leaves; inflorescence umbellate, terminal, 

 entirely enveloped while young by 2-lobed membranous or hyaline spa the, the pedicels slender; flowers small, bulbils sometimes 

 produced in place of the flowers, the tepals free or slightly connate below, usually rose or white, rarely yellowish, usually 1- 

 nerved, obliquely spreading to suberect; filaments usually dilated below and connate at base, the inner often toothed on each 

 side; ovary 3-locular, the ovules usually 2, but sometimes more in each locule; style single, filiform, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed; 

 capsules membranous; seeds black, angled, flat. About 300 species, in the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Leaves flat, oblong to broadly lanceolate, 3-10 cm. wide; bulbs with a disintegrated netted fibrous outer coat. 



1. A. victorialis var. platyphyllum 

 IB. Leaves terete to flat, less than 1 cm. wide. 



2A. Inflorescence 1- or 2-flowered, with a small spathe at base; leaves flat, broadly linear, 3-8 mm. wide; outer bulb coat transversely 



wrinkled, the cells transversely elongate; style 3-fid 2. A. monanthum 



2B. Inflorescence many-flowered, the spathe 2-parted; leaves linear or terete; style entire. 



3A. Flowers white; tepals ascending from the base, spreading above; bulbs and rhizomes present, usually tufted, the outer fibrous 

 coat yellowish-brown. 



4A. Rhizomes well-developed; tepals 5-6 mm. long, acute; stamens not exserted; filaments entire S. A. tuberosum 



4B. Rhizomes poorly developed; tepals 3.5-4 mm. long, obtuse; stamens exserted; filaments broadened below, often with an ob- 

 solete tooth on each side '^. A. togasii 



3B. Flowers rose-purple to rose; tepals spreading from the base; bulbs solitary to several, rhizomes sometimes present. 

 5A. Tepals oblong to ovate-oblong, sometimes elliptic, obtuse to rounded; leaves semiterete, 3-angled, or flat. 



6A. Bulbs subglobose, with thin entire outer coat; umbels partially or wholly consisting of bulbils; spathe prominendy beaked. 



5. A. grayi 

 6B. Bulbs ovoid, with firm and usually fibrous outer coat; umbels not consisting of bulbils; spathe beakless or only short-beaked. 

 7A. Tepals ovate-oblong, obtuse or subobtuse; leaves flat; outer bulb coat reticulate mesh-fibrous; pedicels 4-8 mm. long. 



6. A. sphndens 

 7B. Tepals elliptic to oblong, rounded, the outer ones slightly shorter and concave; outer bulb coat entire or only slightly 

 reticulate mesh-fibrous; pedicels 12-30 mm. long. 

 8A. Outer bulb coat slightly thickened, reticulate mesh-fibrous, the cells longitudinal; leaves dying in winter; pedicels 12-15 



mm. long T. A. thunbergii 



8B. Outer bulb coat entire, thin, membranous; leaves evergreen. 



9A. Leaves hollow &. A. chinense 



9B. Leaves solid, very narrow 'i. A. virgunculae 



5B. Tepals lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, gradually acuminate; leaves terete, sometimes filiform. 



IDA. Bulbs ovoid, attached to obsolete rhizomes, the outer coat rather firm 10. ^. schoenoprasum 



lOB. Bulbs lanceolate-cylindric to narrowly ovoid, attached to a short distinct rhizome, the outer coat thin, membranous. 



11. A. maximowiczii 



