LiLIACEAE 



307 



35. PARIS L. TsuKUBANE-s6 Zoku 



Rhizomes creeping, elongate, rarely short and stout; stems simple, erect, naked except the few scales at base; leaves 4 to many, 

 in a terminal whorl, lanceolate to ovate, with 3 distinct main nerves and anastomosing veinlets; flowers solitary, terminal, 

 pedunculate, the tepals free, 4-10, the outer whorl green or white, ovate to lanceolate, the inner ones narrow or absent; stamens 

 8-20, the filaments narrow, flat, the anthers hnear, often with a connective at apex; ovary subglobose, 4- to 10-carpellate, or 



die placentae parietal; styles 4-10, linear; berry indehiscent or loculicidal, the seeds subglobose. About 20 species, in Europe 



and Asia. 



lA. Rhizomes slender, creeping; leaves 4-12 cm. long, usually in verdcils of 4 or 8; outer tepals usually 4, green, the inner tepals filiform 

 or absent. 



2A. Connective extending beyond the anther; leaves usually 6-8; Inner tepals filiform LP. verticillata 



2B. Connecdve not extending beyond the anthers; leaves usually 4; inner tepals absent 2. P. tetraphylla 



IB. Rhizomes stout and short; leaves 20-30 cm. long, usually in verdcils of 8-10; outer tepals usually 8, white, the inner tepals minute 

 or absent 3. P. japonica 



1. Paris verticillata Bieb. P. quadrifolia sensu auct. (-15) cm. long, erect; outer tepals green, 1-2 cm. long, 3-8 

 Japon., non L.; P. dahiirica Fisch.; P. quadrifolia var. obovata mm. wide, acuminate; stamens 8, the filaments 3-4 mm. long, 

 sensu auct. Japon., non Kegel & Tiling; P. hexaphylla Cham, as long as the anthers, the connective not extended beyond 



KuRUMABA-TSUKUBANE-s6. Glabrous perennial herb from the anther; styles 4. May-Aug. Woods in mountains; 



slender creeping rhizomes 3-4 mm. in diameter; stems 20-40 Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



cm. long; leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 6-8, 7-12 cm. Var. penduliflora Murata & Yamanaka. Unazuki-tsuku- 

 long, 1-4 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to a subsessile base; bane-s6. Differs from the typical phase in die flowers nod- 

 peduncles 1-flowered, 5-15 cm. long, erect; outer tepals 4 (-5), ding at anthesis and the leaves narrower, 8-24 mm. wide. 



broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, green, spreading, (2-) Shikoku. 



3^ cm. long, (0.5-) 1-1.5 cm. wide, acuminate, the inner ones 3. Paris japonica (Fr. & Sav.) Franch. Trilliditim japon- 



4(-5), filiform, yellow, refle.xed after anthesis, 1.5-2 cm. long; icum Fr. & Sav.; Trillium japonicum (Fr. & Sav.) Matsum.; 



stamens 8-10, slighdy longer than the inner tepals, the fila- Kinugasa japonica (Fr. & Sav.) Tatew. & Suto Kinugasa- 



ments nearly filiform, 5-7 mm. long, the anthers linear, 5-8 so. Rhizomes stout and very short, ascending, 1.5-2 cm. 



mm. long; the free portion of the connective prominent, fili- in diameter; stems stout, terete, 30-80 cm. long, glabrous or 



form, about 5-7 mm. long; styles usually 4; ovary dark pur- sometimes scattered pubescent; leaves 8-10, broadly lanceolate 



plish brown June-July. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, to narrowly obovate-oblong, 20-30 cm. long, 3-8 cm. wide, ab- 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Sakhalin, Korea, China, and ruptiy acuminate, gradually narrowed below to the subsessile 



Siberia. base; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, 3-8 cm. long; outer tepals 



2. Paris tetraphylla A. Gray. Tsukubane-so. Rhi- 8-10, white, spreading, narrowly oblong, narrowly ovate to 

 zomes slender, elongate, 3-4 mm. in dianteter; stems 20-40 cm. broadly lanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, acuminate; anthers 5-8 mm. 

 long, glabrous; leaves oblong or elliptic, rarely broadly lance- long, nearly as long as the filaments, the connective not ex- 



olate, 4(-5), 4-10 cm. long, 1.5^ cm. wide, acuminate, acute tended beyond the anther; styles about 8. June-Aug. High 



at base, sessile, 3-nerved; flowers solitary, the peduncle 3-10 mountains; Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). 



36. TRILLIUM L. Enrei-so Zoku 



Rhizomes stout, short; stems erect, simple, naked except for the few scalelike leaves at base; leaves 3, relatively large, in a 

 terminal whorl, reticulate-veined, usually rhombic-orbicular, sessile or short-petioled; flowers solitary, terminal, pedunculate or 

 sessile, white, rose-purple, or purple-brown; tepals 6, in 2 series, free, the outer whorl (sepals) green to brownish, persistent, rela- 

 tively small, the inner whorl (petals) larger, pctallike, withering, or absent; stamens 6, tlie filaments short, flat, the anthers linear; 

 ovary ovoid to globose, 3-locular, the ovules many; styles simple, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes stigmatic on inner side; berry globose to 

 ovoid; seeds many, ovoid. About 30 species, in the temperate regions of the Himalayas, e. Asia, and N. America. 



lA. Petals usually absent, sometimes 2 or 3 smaller than the sepals, brown-purple, obtuse; anthers about 3 mm. long, slighdy shorter than 

 the filaments; sepals 12-20 mm. long; ovary globose 1. T. smallii 



IB. Petals 3, larger than the sepals, white or pale rose-purple; anthers 6-15 mm. long; sepals 2-3 cm. long; ovary conical-ovoid. 



2A. Anthers 6-8 mm. long, as long as to slighdy longer than the filaments; sepals and petals subacute to acute 2.T. tschonosk." 



2B. Anthers 12-15 mm. long, much longer than the filaments; sepals and petals obtuse i.T. I{amtschalicum 



1. Trillium smallii Maxim. T. apetalon Makino; T. 

 tschonoshji var. smallii (Maxim.) T. Ito; T. smallii var. ape- 

 talon (Makino) Takeda Enrei-s6. Rhizomes stout, short; 



stems simple, erect, glabrous, 20-40 cm. long, terete, smooth; 

 leaves 3, sessile, depressed rhombic-orbicular, 7-17 cm. long 

 and as wide, glabrous, 3-nerved, abrupriy short-acuminate, en- 

 tire; peduncles 2-4 cm. long; flowers ascending to horizontal 

 in anthesis, erect in fruit, the sepals 3, persistent, green or 

 purple-brown, ovate to ovate-oblong, subobtuse, 15-20 mm. 

 long, rather thick, the petals absent, or l(-3), small, purple- 



brown; anthers oblong, 2.5-3.5 mm. long, the filaments 

 slighdy longer than the anthers, broadened below; stigma very 

 short; berry globose, 1-1.2 cm. in diameter, the seeds many, 

 about 2.5 mm. long, arcuate-oblong, brown, with obscure 



longitudinal wrinkles. .\pr.-May. Woods in footiiills; 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. The fruit is edible. 

 Plants from the western part of die range usually have nar- 

 rower leaves slighdy longer than wide. 



Trillium amabile Miyabe & Tatew. T. smallii Maxim., 

 pro parte Koj im.\-enrei-s6. An alleged hybrid of No. 1 



