316 



Iridaceae; Zingiberaceae 



glabrous, the midrib not prominent; scapes 30-70 cm. long, 

 the branches 3-10 cm. long, rather many-flowered, the bracts 

 conduplicate, green, acuminate, the lower ones ensiform, the 

 bracteoles 3-10 cm. long, ovate-oblong, subobtuse, the pedicels 

 as long as to longer than the bracteoles; flowers about 5 cm. 

 across, pale blue-purple, the outer perianth-segments obovate, 

 denticulate, crested, the inner segments relatively small, 

 obliquely ascending; stigma-appendage fimbriate; fruit very 



rarely maturing. Apr.-May. Wooded hills; Honshu, Shi- 



koku, Kyushu; common. China. 



4. Iris tectorum Maxim. Ichi-hatsd. Rhizomes short, 

 stout, tufted; leaves 30-60 cm. long, 2.5-3.5 cm. wide, pale 

 green, acuminate, glabrous, the midrib not prominent; scapes 

 30-50 cm. long, with few ensiform bracts, the branches 1-2, 

 2- to 3-flowered, the bracteoles obovate-oblong, membranous, 

 acute or mucronate, 4-5 cm. long, the pedicels nearly absent; 

 flowers purple, about 10 cm. across, the perianth-tube about 

 2.5 cm. long, the outer periandi-segments obovate, short- 

 clawed, densely fringe-crested on lower half, the inner seg- 

 ments nearly as large as the outer, obliquely spreading; stigma- 

 appendages irregularly toothed. May. Chinese plant long 



cultivated in Japan, frequently grown on the roof of straw- 

 thatched houses. 



5. Iris setosa Pall. /. setosa var. hondoensis Honda 



HioGi-AYAME. Rhizomes ascending, brown, fibrous; leaves 

 20^0 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acuminate, the midrib obscure; 

 scapes 30-70 cm. long, branched, the bracts green, ensiform, 

 the bracteoles broadly lanceolate, essentially membranous, sub- 

 obtuse, 2-3 cm. long, the pedicels 3-4 cm. long; flowers blue- 

 purple, about 8 cm. across, the perianth-mbe short, the outer 

 segments broadly obovate, the claw yellowish with red-purple 

 veins, the inner segments much smaller, lanceolate, acuminate- 

 setose; anthers purple, the stigma-appendage dentate. July- 



Aug. Bogs in mountains; Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.), 

 Hokkaido. Korea, Kuriles, Sakhalin, e. Siberia, and Aleu- 

 tian Isls. 



6. Iris laevigata Fischer. Kakitsueata. Rhizomes 

 fibrous, branched; leaves glaucous, 40-60 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. 

 wide, without a prominent midrib; scapes 50-70 cm. long, 

 with few short leaves, usually 3-flowered, the bracteoles broadly 

 lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong, greenish, 5-7 cm. long, 

 the pedicels shorter than the ovary; flowers blue-purple, some- 



times white, about 12 cm. across, the perianth-tube short, the 

 outer segments clawed, broadly ovate-elliptic, yellow in the 

 median portion near the base, the inner ones oblanceolate, 

 small, erect; anthers white; stigma-appendages nearly rounded. 

 May-June. Wet places; Hokkaido, Honshu; much-culti- 

 vated in gardens. ^Manchuria, Korea, and China. 



7. Iris ensata Thunb. var. ensata. /. ensata Thunb.; Z. 

 ensata var. hortensis Makino & Nemoto; 1. haetnpjeri Sieb.; 



/. laevigata var. \aempjen (Sieb.) Maxim. Hana-shobu. 



The cultivated selections often have double flowers with larger 

 often spreading inner perianth-segments. 



Var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai. 7. \aempjeri var. spon- 

 tanea Makino No-hana-sh6bu. Rhizomes branched, 



brown-fibrous; leaves 20-60 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, the 

 midrib prominent; scapes 40-80 cm. long, unbranched, few- 

 bracteate and -flowered, the uppermost bract green, linear- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, 5-8 cm. long, the pedicels 3-5 cm. long; 

 flowers red-purple, about 10 cm. across, the outer perianth- 

 segments elliptic, clawed, the limb yellow at base, the inner 

 segments smaller, erect; anthers yellow, the stigma-appendages 

 subentire. June-July. Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. 



8. Iris sanguinea Hornem. 7. sibirica sensu Thunb., 

 non L., nee Thunb. (1784); 7. sibirica var. sanguinea Ker- 

 Gawl.; 7. nertschins\ia Lodd.; 7. sibirica var. orientalis Maxim. 



Ayame. Rhizomes creeping, branched, dark brown 



fibrous; leaves glaucescent, 30-50 cm. long, 5-12 mm. wide, 

 the midrib slender, not prominent; scapes 30-60 cm. long, 

 hollow, unbranched, 1- to 3-bractate, the uppermost bract 

 linear-lanceolate, green, acuminate, 5-6 cm. long, the bracteoles 

 similar but sometimes longer than the bracts; flowers 2 or 3, 

 red-purple, about 8 cm. across, the pedicels 2-4 cm. long, 

 shorter than the bracteoles, much longer than the ovary, the 

 outer perianth-segments broadly obovate, the claw yellow with 

 transverse blue lines, the inner segments erect, small; anthers 

 dark purple; stigma-appendages dentate. May-July. Moun- 

 tain meadows; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. Korea and e. 



Siberia. 



Var. violacea Makino. 7. \amayama Makino Kama- 



YAMA-SHOBU. Leaves narrower and firmer, slightly tortuous, 

 deeper green; flowers deep violet, the inner perianth-segments 



slighdy longer. Said to have been introduced from Korea 



and sometimes to be planted in our area. 



2. BELAMCANDA Adans. Hi-6gi Zoku 



Tall rhizomatous perennial; leaves 2-ranked, ensiform, mostly radical and lower cauline, laterally flattened, linear; panicle 

 terminal; flowers pedicelled, orange-red, the tepals 6, nearly equal, connate below; stamens 3, inserted at the base of the perianth- 

 segments; anthers basifixed; ovary 3-locular; style 3-fid; capsules many-seeded, loculicidal. A single species in e. Asia. 



1. Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. Ixia chinensis L.; 

 B. punctata Moench; Gemmingia chinensis (L.) O. Kuntze 



Hi-6gi. Plants stoloniferous, the rhizomes short; stems 



1-1.5 m. long, densely leafy toward the base; leaves laterally 

 flattened, broadly linear, 30-50 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, glau- 

 cous, acuminate; inflorescence terminal, once or twice 

 branched, the bracts few at the apex, narrowly ovate, mem- 



branous, obtuse, about 1 cm. long, the pedicels 1^ cm. long; 

 flowers 5-6 cm. across, orange-red, dark-spotted, the tepals 

 narrowly oblong, obtuse, spreading, narrowed and connate at 

 base; anthers about 1 cm. long; capsules obovate-ellipsoidal, 



about 3 cm. long; seeds shining black. Aug.-Sept. Honshu 



(w. distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. China and n. India. 



Fam. 56. ZINGIBERACEAE Shoga Ka Ginger Family 



Perennial herbs with thickened rhizomes; stems usually simple, erect, tightly enveloped by the sheaths of radical leaves; 

 leaves often large, long-sheathed below, linear to oblong, with a ligule at top of the sheath inside, midrib usually stout, nerves 

 pinnately arranged; flowers 1 to few in the axil of a bract, arranged in a raceme or spike, bisexual, zygomorphic; calyx or outer 



