ZiNGIBERACEAE 



317 



perianth tubular, often splitting on one side, the inner perianth or corolla infundibuliform, 3-lobed, the posterior segment longer 

 than the others; stamens 6, 1 fertile, the others reduced; lip placed anteriorly, larger than the petals, 2- to 3-lobed, the anthers 



introrse, 2-locular; ovary inferior, the ovules many, anatropous; style slender; fruit a capsule or berrylike. About 47 genera, 



with about 1,400 species, mainly in the Tropics, few in temperate regions. 



lA. Lip 3-lobed; appendage of the anther-connective 



IB. Lip 2-Iobed; appendage of the anther-connective absent; flowers 



bulate, involute, forming a tube around the style; flowers in a headlike spike. 



1 . Zingiber 

 a spike or panicle 2. Alpinia 



1. ZINGIBER Boehm. 



Shoga Zoku 



Rhizomes thickened, aromatic; scapes usually with scalelike leaves; inflorescence a densely flowered spike; flowers one to 

 few in the axils of bracts, the bracteoles spathlike, die calyx membranous, tubular, 3-toothed, usually splitting on one side; 

 tube of the inner perianth whorl slender, dilated above, the segments often unequal, the posterior one largest, erect, the lateral 

 staminodes adnate to the recurved lip; fertile stamen 1, the filament short, deeply grooved; style slender, the stigma small, sub- 

 globose, glands 2, subulate; ovary 3-locular, many-ovuled; capsules subglobose to ellipsoidal; seeds relatively large, with a 

 lobed aril. More than 50 species, e. Asia to India and Malaysia. 



1. Zingiber mioga (Thunb.) Rose. Amomtim mioga 



Thunb. My6g.\. Glabrous rhizomatous perennial; leaves 



radical, the sheaths closely involute and forming a pseudostem, 

 die blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 20-35 cm. long, 3-6 

 cm. wide, acuminate, narrowed to a short petiolelike base; 

 scapes 5-15 cm. long, with few scalelike leaves at base; spike 

 5-7 cm. long, erect, oblong, acute; bracts acuminate, the outer 

 ones narrowly ovate, the inner ones lanceolate; flowers pale 

 yellow, about 5 cm. across, the perianth-tube elongate, ex- 



serted from the bracts, the segments lanceolate, the lip obovate, 

 with a small lobule on each side. Aug.-Oct. Woods; Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu; often cultivated for the edible shoots. 

 Zingiber officinale (Willd.) Rose. Amomum officinale 



Willd. Shoga. Plants herbaceous; scapes 20-25 cm. long; 



bracts nearly equal, oblong, rounded at apex; flowers yellow, 



the lip purple, yellow-spotted. Introduced from tropical 



Asia; widely cultivated in our area for the pungent rhizomes. 



2. ALPINIA Roxb. Hana-myoga Zoku 



Rhizomes stout, branching; leaves lanceolate to oblong, large, the sheaths involute and forming a pseudostem at base; in- 

 florescence racemose or paniculate, the scapes arising from the pseudostem, the bracts deciduous or caducous; calyx tubular, 

 3-toothed; corolla-tube short, the segments oblong or lanceolate, the posterior one broadest, the lateral staminodia small 

 or absent, the lip spreading, obovate, often with a small appendage on each side at base, the connective scarcely produced; ovary 



3-locular; style filiform, the stigma subglobose; fruit globose, dry or fleshy, usually indehiscent; seeds globose or angled. 



About 150 species in the Tropics of the Old World. 



lA. Leaves pilose at least beneath; bracts small, caducous; flowers nearly sessile, 1 or 2 from each node, about 2.5 cm. long; inflorescence 



simple, unbranched \. A. japonica 



IB. Leaves glabrous on both sides; inflorescence branched. 



2A. Bracts 5-7 mm. long, flat; flowers about 2 cm. long 2. A. intermedia 



2B. Bracts 1.5-2.5 cm. long, enveloping the calyx; flowers 2.5-5 cm. long. 



3 A. Inflorescence erect, the axis glabrous; bracts about 1.5 cm. long; flowers 2.5-3 cm. long i. A. jormosana 



3B. Inflorescence nodding, the axis hairy; bracts 2-2.5 cm. long; flowers 4-5 cm. long 4. /i. speciosa 



1. Alpinia japonica (Thunb.) Miq. Globba japonica ennial herb; leaves narrowly oblong, 30-50 cm. long, 6-12 cm. 



Thunb. Hana-myoca. Plants 40-60 cm. high; rhizomes wide, glabrous, the ligules 5-6 mm. long, loosely ciliolate, the 



branching; pseudostems ascending, several-leaved; leaves petioles short; inflorescence 10-20 cm. long, erect, the branches 



broadly lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 20-40 cm. long, 5-7 0.8-1.3 cm. long, slender, 3- to 4-flowered at the summit, the 



cm. wide, sessile or short-petiolate, rather densely pilose on bracts pale, membranous, 7-10 mm. long, obtuse; calyx-tube 



both sides especially beneath, the ligules 2-A mm. long, 3.5^.5 mm. long, with small teeth, sometimes loosely ciliolate, 



puberulent, the sheath pilose; spike solitary, terminal, densely the lip ovate, narrowed below. July. Woods; Honshu 



short-pilose, 10-15 cm. long, the bracts narrowly oblong, (Izu Isls. and Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and 



caducous, shorter than the calyx; flowers nearly sessile, 1 or 2 Formosa. 



at each node of the inflorescence, white with red striations, 3. Alpinia formosana K. Schum. A. \umata\e Makino; 



about 2.5 cm. long; calyx tubular, split inside, puberulent, with A. satsumensis Gagnep. Kumatake-ran. Glabrous tufted 



3 obtuse teeth on upper margin, the lip ovate; fruit broadly perennial, 1-2 m. high, from stout rhizomes; leaves narrowly 



ellipsoidal, 1-1.7 cm. long, puberulent, red. May-June, oblong or broadly lanceolate, 50-70 cm. long, 8-12 cm. wide, 



Woods in foothills; Honshu (s. Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shi- acuminate at both ends, sessile or short-petiolate, ciliolate, deep 



koku, Kyushu. Formosa and China. green above, the ligules 5-7 mm. long, ciliate; scapes erect; 



Var. kiushiana Kitam. A. kjushiana Kitam. Tsuku- inflorescence 15-20 cm. long, racemose to paniculate, the axis 



shi-hana-myoga. Calyx-tube, ovary, perianth, and fruit glabrous to slightly puberulous, the branches 1-1.5 cm. long, 



nearly glabrous. Kyushu (Ibusuki in Satsuma Prov.). the bracts membranous and enveloping the calyx, rounded and 



2. Alpinia intermedia Gagnep. A. chinensis sensu auct. mucronate, scarious on margin; flowers white, tinged red, 

 Japon., non Rose. Ao-no-kum,\take-ran. Glabrous per- 2.5-3 cm. long; calyx-tube 8-10 mm. long, shallowly toothed. 



