318 Zingiberaceae; Burmanniaceae 



ciliolate, the lip broadly ovate; fruit broadly ellipsoidal, ver- 2-2.5 cm. long, broadly elliptic, covering the flower-bud, sub- 



milion. July-Aug. Woods in lowlands to foothills; Kyu- coriaceous, nerveless, often 2-lobed; calyx about 1.5 cm. long, 



shu (s. distr., Yakushima and Tanegashima). Ryukyus and tubular, split on one side, with deltoid teeth; inner perianth- 

 Formosa, segments white to pinkish, obtuse, the lip broadly ovate, sub- 

 4. Alpinia speciosa (Wendl.) K. Schum. Zemmbet trilobed, creamy white with red striations; ovary densely 



speciosum Wendl. Getto. Stout tufted glabrous per- pubescent with brown hairs; fruit globose-ovoid, about 2 cm. 



rennial, 1.5-2.5 m. high; leaves lanceolate to broadly so, 50-70 long, longitudinally ribbed, yellow-vermilion, crowned with 



cm. long, 7-15 cm. wide, acuminate at both ends, short- the persistent perianth base.- July-Aug. Woods in low- 



petiolate, rather densely ciliate, the ligules 8-10 mm. long, with lands to the foothills; Kyushu (Cape Sata), Yakushima, and 



brown hairs on back; inflorescence nodding, 20-30 cm. long, Tanegashima. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



with brown hairs on axis, the branches 1-2 cm. long, the bracts 



Fam. 57. BURMANNIACEAE Hina-noshakujo Ka Burmannia Family 



Delicate saprophytic herbs without chlorophyll or rarely green; leaves cauline, alternate, scalelike, small; flowers bisexual, usually 

 actinomorphic, the perianth tubular to prismatic, sometimes with 3 or 6 longimdinal wings, the lobes 6 or 3, the outer whorl 

 alike, the inner segments sometimes very small or nearly obsolete; stamens 3 or 6, inserted on the tube, the filaments very short, 

 sometimes absent, the anthers 2-locular, transversely or longitudinally split; ovary inferior, 3-locular, the placentae axile or 1- 

 locular with parietal placentae; style simple, stigmas 3; capsules many-seeded, the seeds minute; endosperm absent, the 

 embryo simulating the seed in shape. About 16 genera, with about 120 species, mainly in the Tropics. 



lA. Perianth-tube persistent; style as long as the tube; stamens 3; anthers transversely split; outer perianth-lobes larger, the inner whorl 

 smaller or absent 1 . Burmannia 



IB. Perianth-tube transversely splitting and deciduous after anthesis; style very short; stamens 6; anthers longitudinally split; outer perianth- 

 lobes not connate above, the inner segments often connate or imbricate and forming a 3-pored depressed -conical body bearing 3 

 filiform or linear appendages at apex 2. Glaziocharis 



1. BURMANNIA L. Hina-no-shakuj6 Zoku 



Saprophytes without chlorophyll or greenish delicate annual or perennial herbs; stems simple or branched; leaves usually re- 

 duced to lanceolate scales; flowers 1 to several on a terminal cyme; perianth mbular at base, often 3-angled, the lobes 6, the 

 outer segments larger, the inner ones minute or absent; anthers 3, nearly sessile, inserted at the base of the inner lobe on the 

 throat of the tube; style filiform, the stigmas 3, short; ovary triangular, 3-locular, the placentae axile; capsules irregularly de- 

 hiscent, crowned with the persistent base of the perianth-tube; seeds many, ellipsoidal. ^About 60 species, mainly in the 



Tropics. 



lA. Perianth-tube viringless; inflorescence headlike, usually several-flowered; outer perianth-lobes with a narrow involute lateral lobule on 



each side I. B. championii 



IB. Perianth-tube winged; inflorescence umbellate or cymose, sometimes 1-flowered. 

 2A. Inflorescence a few-flowered umbel; flowers 7—10 mm. long. 



3A. Flowers white; wings relatively narrow above; the inner perianth-lobes absent; connective without a spur at base. 



2. B. cryptopetala 

 3B. Flowers blue-purple; wings relatively broad, subtruncate at apex; the inner perianth-lobes 3; connective with a pendulous spur at 



base 3. B. itoana 



2B. Inflorescence a rather loose cyme; flowers 4-5 mm. long; connective with a pendulous spur at base 4. B. liti\iuensis 



1. Burmannia championii Thw. S. japonica Maxim, ex flowers erect, 8-10 mm. long, white, with a yellow hue above, 



Makino Hina-no-shakuj6. Slender white saprophytic short-pedicelled, winged, the outer perianth-lobes ovate, acute, 



herb, 5-15 cm. high from subglobose rhizomes; stems simple; 1.5-2 mm. long, the inner perianth-lobes absent. Aug.- 



scalelike leaves lanceolate, acute, appressed, 1.5-4 mm. long, Oct. Honshu (Kinki Distr.), Kyushu. China (Hainan 



the bracts about 3 mm. long, resembUng the scalelike leaves; Isl.). 



flowers 2-10, nearly sessile, in a dense headlike inflorescence, 3. Burmannia itoana Makino. Ruri-shakujo. Pur- 

 white, 3-ribbed, 6-10 mm. long, the outer perianth-lobes erect, plish delicate herb 5-12 cm. high; stems simple or with few 

 about 1.5 mm. long, deltoid, acute, the inner lobes erect, branches from the base; scalelike leaves and bracts few, small, 

 spathulate, rounded at apex; capsule obovate-orbicular, about lanceolate to ovate, 2-3 mm. long, membranous; flowers 1-2, 



2.5 mm. long. Aug.-Oct. Woods in mountains; Honshu erect, short-pedicelled, purplish, 8-10 mm. long, 3-winged, the 



(centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu.— —s. China, outer perianth-lobes erect, slightly incurved, about 1.5 mm. 



Malaysia to Ceylon. long, the inner ones orbicular, minute. Aug.-Sept. Kyu- 



2. Burmannia cryptopetala Makino. Shiro-shakujo. shu (Yakushima). Ryukyus and China (Hainan Isl.). 



Delicate white saprophytic herb, 5-15 cm. high; stems usually 4. Burmannia liukiuensis Hayata. B. coelestis sensu 



simple; scalelike leaves lanceolate or narrowly ovate, 3-4 mm. auct. Japon., non Don; B. nepalensis sensu auct. Japon., non 



long, acute; inflorescence simple or a once-branched umbel, 1- Hook. f. Kirishima-shakujo. Very delicate annual, 5-15 



to 12-flowered, dense, the bracts simulating the scalelike leaves; cm. high; stems simple, filiform; scalelike leaves lanceolate, ap- 



