322 



ORCHmACEAE 



cately rounded and abruptly acute to cuspidate at apex, cuneate 

 to rather truncate at base, undulately toothed; peduncles soli- 

 tary, 1-flowered, 10-15 cm. long, pubescent; bract oblong, 

 acuminate, 3-6 cm. long, many-nerved; flowers yellowish 

 brown; ovary densely pubescent; lateral sepals narrowly ob- 

 long, about 5 cm. long, wholly connate; petals nearly as long 

 as the sepals, with long crisped hairs inside at base; lip 



slighdy longer than the perianth, hairy inside near base. 



Apr .-May. Woods and bamboo-forests in lowlands; Hok- 

 kaido (Oshima Prov.), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather 



common. China. 



3. Cypripedium yatabeanum Makino. C. guttatum 



var. yatabeanum (Makino) Pfitz. Kibana-no-atsumori-so. 



Loosely pilose perennial with long, creeping rhizomes; stems 

 10-25 cm. long, with few sheathing scales at base; leaves 2, ap- 

 proximate, nearly on the summit of the stem, oblong to elliptic, 

 7-15 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, obtuse with an acute apex, 

 obtuse and slightly clasping at base, many-nerved, these con- 

 verging at apex, plicate, slightly pilose on both sides and on 

 margins; peduncles solitary and terminal, 10-20 cm. long, 

 densely pubescent; bract large, broadly lanceolate, leaflike, 

 acuminate, 2-3 cm. long; flowers yellowish brown; dorsal sepal 

 erect, ovate, 2-2.5 cm. long, acute, short-pubescent outside 

 toward the base, the lateral sepals connate into one lamina. 



slightly bifid at the tip, 13-18 mm. long; petals obliquely ovate, 

 attenuate, ending in a rounded apex; lip obliquely descending, 



longer than the rest of the perianth; ovary villous. July. 



Woods in high mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.); 



very rare. Kuriles and Kamchatka. 



4. Cypripedium macranthum Sw. C. thunbergii Bl.; 

 C. speciosum Rolfe; C. atsmori Morr.; C. calceolus var. atsmori 

 (Morr.) Pfitz.; C. macranthum var. speciosum. (Rolfe) Koidz. 



Atsumori-s6. Rhizomes short-creeping, with rather 



thick firm roots from the nodes; stems 25-40 cm. long, 3- to 5- 

 leaved, white-hirsute; leaves alternate, oblong-elliptic, 10-20 

 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, abruptly acuminate, shordy sheathed 

 at base, many-nerved, plicate; flowers rose to rose-purple, 

 rarely white, 4-6 cm. across; dorsal sepal ovate, acuminate, 4-5 

 cm. long, the lateral sepals wholly connate; petals narrowly 

 ovate, acuminate, crisped-pubescent inside at base. ^May- 

 July. Grassy mountain slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu; rather 



rare. ^Korea, Manchuria, n. China, Kamchatka, Siberia, 



and e. Europe. Forma albiflorum (Makino) Ohwi. C. 



speciosum var. dbiflorum Makino; C. macranthum var. leu- 



canthum Hatus. Shirobana-atsumori-so. Flowers white; 



rare. ^Forma rebunense (Kudo) Ohwi. C. rebunense 



Kudo; C. macranthum var. rebunense (Kudo) Miyabe & Kudo 

 Rebun-atsumori-so. Flowers pale yellow; rare. 



3. ORCHIS L. Hakusan-chidori Zoku 



Terrestrial, rarely epiphytic herbs, rarely growing on rocks or tree-trunks, with or without tuberous roots; stems few-leaved; 

 leaves linear to elliptic-oblong, sometimes nearly radical; flowers rather small, showy, in a spike, the bracts small or conspicuous; 

 sepals free, spreading, the dorsal often forming a hood with the petals; lip slightly adnate to the column, usually 3-lobed, spurred 

 at base; column short with parallel anther-locules; pollinia with a caudicle attached to glands, these in a bursicule or pouch. 

 About 100 species, in temperate and cooler regions of the world. 



lA. Roots thickened, tuberous or digitately divided; flowers usually rose-purple; lip distinctly 3-lobed, with an elongate, cylindrical spur at 

 base. 



2A. Roots digitately divided; leaves 3-6; sepals and petals long-acuminate 1. 0. aristata 



2B. Roots tuberous, undivided; leaves 1-3 (-4); sepals and petals acute to obtuse. 



3A. Sepals and petals l-nerved; leaves 2 or 3, linear or broadly so 2. 0. graminifolia 



3B. Sepals and petals 3-nerved; leaves lanceolate to narrowly oblong. 



4A. Leaves 2 or 3, lanceolate 3. 0. jooio\iana 



4B. Leaves 1, oblong to narrowly so. 



5A. Leaves near the middle of stem; peduncles ascending 4. O. chidori 



5B. Leaves nearly radical; peduncles erect 5. 0. curtipes 



IB. Roots linear, slender, slightly if at all thickened; flowers white to pale rose; lip cuneate or obsoletely 3-lobed, with a short or very 

 short spur at base. 



6A. Leaves 1; flowers usually 2, pale rose; perianth-segments acuminate; spur linear, 7-10 mm. long 6. O. cyclochila 



6B. Leaves 2; flowers 2-6, white; perianth-segments obtuse; spur ellipsoidal, 3-4 mm. long; lip cuneate 7.0. fauriei 



1, Orchis aristata Fisch. O. latifolia var. beeringiana slopes; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. and northw.). 



Cham.; O. beeringiana (Cham.) Kudo Hakusan-chidori. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, Aleutians, and Alaska. Forma 



Roots somewhat thickened, digitately 2- to 3-lobed; stems 10- albiflora (Koidz.) Tatew. Orchis aristata var. albiflora 



40 cm. long, erect; leaves 3-6, oblanceolate to lanceolate, blades Koidz. Shirobana-hakusan-chidori. Flowers white. 



of the lower leaves broadly hnear, 7-15 cm. long, 7-30 mm. 2. Orchis graminifolia (Reichenb. f.) Tang & Wang, 



wide, obtuse, the upper blades acute, often with dark-purple Ponerorchis graminifolia Reichenb. f.; Gymnadenia gramini- 



spots; spike or raceme few-flowered, 4-10 cm. long, the bracts folia (Reichenb. f.). Reichenb. f.; G. rupestris Miq; O. rupes- 



linear-lanceolate, long-acuminate, as long as the flower; flowers tris (Miq.) Schltr. Ucho-ran. Terrestrial herb with 



rather densely arranged, rose-purple; sepals lanceolate, long- ovoid tuberous roots; stems slender, 8-15 cm. long, suberect; 



acuminate, 8-13 mm. long, 3-nerved, the dorsal sepal erect, the leaves 2 or 3, rarely 4, linear to broadly so, 7-12 cm. long, 3-8 



lateral sepals spreading upward; petals narrowly ovate, obtuse, mm. wide, acute to acuminate, gradually arcuate toward tip, 



2- to 3-nerved, slighdy shorter than the sepals; lip obovate- nearly flat; racemes one-sided, few-flowered; bracts narrowly 



triangular, spreading, slightly longer than the sepals, papillose lanceolate, 7-12 mm. long; flowers rose-purple; sepals oblong, 



inside, 3-lobed at tip, the lateral lobes depressed-deltoid, obtuse, I-nerved, about 6 mm. long, the dorsal sepal navicular, 



rounded at apex, shorter than the median; spur linear-cyl- the lateral ones oblique; petals obliquely ovate, obtuse, erect, 



indric, 1-1.5 cm. long, straight. June-Aug. Grassy alpine as long as the sepals, 1- rarely 2-nerved, forming a hood with 



