Orchidaceae 



333 



spreading, 3-nerved, entire, with slightly involute margins at 

 tip; ovary glabrous, short-pedicelled; capsules about 3 mm. 

 long. June-Aug. Coniferous woods; Hokkaido, Honshu 



(centr. and n. distr.) ; very rare.- 

 chatka, and Korea. 



-Sakhalin, Ussuri, Kam- 



15. APHYLLORCfflS Bl. 



Tan 



EGASHIMA-MUYO-RAN 



ZOKU 



Saprophytic herb with fleshy roots; stems simple, with loose alternate scales; inflorescence loosely racemose, the flowers rather 

 small, sessile or pedicelled, the bracts small; sepals nearly equal, free, erect at first, later spreading; petals as long as the sepals 

 but narrower; lip sessile, somewhat spreading, short-clawed, with 2 broad auricles, the limb entire or 3-lobed; column rather 

 long, nearly terete; stigma ovate, depressed, under the short rostellum; anther short-stalked, ovate, the locules contiguous; 

 pollinia granular. About 15 species, in India, Malaysia, and e. Asia. 



1. Aphyllorchis tanegashimensis Hayata. Tanegashi- 

 MA-MUYo-RAN. Stems 40-60 cm. long, erect; scalelike leaves 

 loose, broadly ovate, 1-1.5 cm. long, 8-10 mm. wide, slightly 

 clasping, very obtuse, membranous, appressed, the upper scales 

 narrowly ovate, obtuse, 2 cm. long; racemes rather densely 

 many-flowered, 15-20 cm. long, the bracts lanceolate, acute 

 with an obtuse tip, membranous, 8-15 mm. long, 1.5-3 mm. 

 wide; flowers ascending at first, later spreading or slightly 

 defle.xed, pedicelled; sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3-nerved, 

 ascending, 1-1.2 cm. long; petals nearly as long as the sepals 



but slightly narrower, 1-nerved; lip nearly as long as the 

 sepals, erect, auriculate, slightly recurved at tip, the claw about 

 2 mm. long, the limb ovate, obsoletely 3-lobed, tlie lateral 

 lobes small, obscure, the terminal deltoid, obtuse, the auricles 

 broader than long, obliquely deltoid, acute, about 3 mm. long; 

 column slightly shorter than die sepals; capsules deflexed, 3-3.5 

 cm. long, 7-10 mm. wide, straight, linear, terete, with the base 



of the column persistent at the apex. Sept. In broad-leaved 



evergreen forests; Kyushu (s. distr. and Tanegashima). 



Ryukyus. 



16. CEPHALANTHERA L. C. Rich. Kin-ran Zoku 



Terrestrial, usually leafy, erect herb with short rhizomes and elongate roots; leaves cauline, usually plicate, lanceolate to ob- 

 long or elliptic, with prominent nerves; flowers rather small, in spikes, erect, white or yellow, the bracts largest in lower part 

 of spike, leaflike; sepals free, not fully open, nearly alike; petals slighdy smaller than the sepals, often broader; lip with a chin 

 at base, erect, distincdy jointed between the upper and lower portions, inflated at base, the lateral lobes erect, embracing the 

 column, the terminal lobe larger; column rather long, not winged; rostellum scarcely surpassing the broad stigma; anther 



broadly ovate, the locules contiguous; pollinia bifid in each locule, granular; capsules erect. More than a dozen species, 



in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Flowers yellow; sepals narrowly ovate-oblong, obtuse, 14-17 mm. long; bracts deltoid, about 2 mm. long; lip 5- to 7-striate. 1. C. falcata 



IB. Flowers white; sepals broadly lanceolate, gradually narrowed to the tip, 8-12 mm. long; lip 3-striate. 



2.'\. Stems and leaves glabrous; leaves narrowly oblong, 3-8.5 cm. long, rarely much-reduced; bracts narrowly deltoid, 1-3 mm. long, 



the lower 1-2 sometimes rather large, commonly not surpassing the flower; lip with a somewhat acute basal chin. ... 2. C. erecta 



2B. Stems, leaves, and ovaries with short, papillose hairs; leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 7—15 cm. long, acuminate; bracts 



linear, the lower 1-2 elongate, commonly longer than the spike; lip with a short, obtuse basal chin 3. C. longibracieata 



1. Cephalanthera falcata (Thunb.) Bl. Serapias falcata 

 Thunb.; Epipactis falcata (Thunb.) Sw.; C. japonica A. Gray; 

 C. platychcila Reichenb. f. Kin-ran. Smooth, terres- 

 trial herb; stems 40-80 cm. long, 6- to 8-leaved, covered at base 

 by a few membranous sheaths; leaves broadly lanceolate, 8-15 

 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, gradually acute, prominendy nerved, 

 narrowed to the base; spikes 3- to 12-flowered, glabrous, 

 smooth, the bracts membranous, deltoid, about 2 mm. long; 

 flowers yellow, rather large, half-open; sepals ovate-oblong, 

 14-17 mm. long, obtuse, narrowed to the base, the dorsal sepal 

 narrower, concave on back; lip shordy dilated, 3-lobed, longi- 

 tudinally 5- to 7-striate on the inside, included within the 



sepals, recurved at tip; column 8-10 mm. long. Apr.-June. 



Thickets and thin woods in low mountains; Honshu (Kanto 



Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea and 



China. 



2. Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb.) Bl. Serapias erecta 

 Thunb.; Epipactis erecta (Thunb.) Wettst.; ? C. elegans 



Schltr. Gin-ran. Slender, glabrous perennial; stems 20- 



40 cm. long, 3- to 6-leaved, with few sheaths at base; leaves 

 narrowly oblong, 3-8.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, short-acumi- 

 nate, narrowed to the sheathing base, prominently several- 

 nerved; spikes nearly smooth, 4-8 cm. long, several- to about 

 10-flowered; bracts narrowly deltoid to broadly lanceolate, 1-3 



mm. long, the lower I or 2 often somewhat larger, or rarely 

 to 4 cm. long; flowers white; sepals lanceolate, gradually nar- 

 rowed at tip, obtuse, 7-9 mm. long; petals broadly lanceolate, 

 obtuse; lip about 2/3 as long as the perianth, with a distinct 

 acute chin at base, the terminal lobe transversely elliptic, 

 short-acute; column as long as the lip; ovary slightly shorter 



than the perianth. May. Thickets, thin forests, and grassy 



slopes in low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common. 



Var. subaphylla (Miyabe & Kudo) Ohwi. C. subaphylla 



Miyabe & Kudo Yushun-ran. Green leaves smaller, the 



bracts well developed. Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu. 



Var. shizuoi (F. Maekawa) Ohwi. C. shiztioi F. Maekawa 



Kugenuma-ran. Chin low, obtuse. Near seashores; 



Honshu (Kugenuma in Sagami). 



3. Cephalanthera longibracteata Bl. Epipactis longi- 



bracteata (Bl.) Wettst. Sasaba-gin-ran. Slender, erect 



perennial; stems 30-50 cm. long, rather firm, white-scabrous 

 on the angles, alternately 6- to 8-leaved and with a few leafless 

 sheaths at the base; leaves oblong-lanceolate to linear-lanceo- 

 late, 7-15 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, sometimes long-acuminate, 

 shordy sheathed at base, scabrous on margins and on nerves 

 beneath, prominently nerved; spikes loosely several-flowered; 

 bracts linear to broadly so, 4-7 mm. long, the lower 1 or 2 



