338 



Orchidaceae 



26, GASTRODIA R. Br 



Oni-no-yagara Zoku 



Saprophytic, leafless herbs witliout chlorophyll, with thickened, rather short rhizomes; stems simple, erect, loosely scaly; 

 flowers erect or pendulous, in loose racemes, bracteate, rather small; sepals and petals connate, urceolate or short-tubular, 5-fid, 

 the lobes short, ovate, equal, or the inner (petals) smaller; lip adnate to the base of die column, erect, more or less adnate to 

 but shorter than the perianth, somewhat involute, flat or with 1 or 2 pairs of elevated lines within; column subterete, the stigma 

 barely perceptible; rostellum small; pollinia granular, without caudicles; capsules erect, ellipsoidal, the pedicels short or 

 sometimes much elongate after anthesis. About 25 species, in Africa, India, Malaysia, Australia, and e. Asia. 



lA. Rhizomes glabrous; stems 60-100 cm. long, rarely shorter; flowers many, 7-8 mm. long; pedicels not elongating after anthesis. 



2A. Pedicels shorter than the ovary 1. G. elata 



2B. Pedicels longer than the ovary 2. G. gracilis 



IB. Rhizomes with unicellular hairs; stems 3—10 cm. long; flowers few, 1—2 cm. long; pedicels much elongating after anthesis. 



3A. Stems 3-4 cm. long; flowers usually 2, about 2 cm. long, tubular; lip with 4 crispate ridges within, and a spherical appendage on 



the margin on each side near the base 3. G. nipponica 



3B. Stems 3.5-10 cm. long; flowers 2-7, about 11 mm. long, broadly tubular-campanulate; lip with an elevated bilobed ridge above the 

 center, and a 4-angled short-cylindric appendage on each side near the base 6. G. confusa 



1. Gastrodia elata Bl. Oni-no-yagara. Tall, glabrous, usually 2, about 2 cm. long, tubular, the bracts broadly ovate, 

 pale brown herb; rhizomes oblong, somewhat fleshy, glabrous, slightly clasping, about 4 mm. long; perianth tube violet- 

 about 10 cm. long, 3.5 cm. across; stems yellowish brown, 60- brown, about 20 mm. long, 12 mm. across, narrowed to the 

 100 cm. long, terete, the scales loose, membranous, 1-2 cm. base, broadest above the middle, the outer lobes ovate, the 

 long, the lower scales short-sheathing; racemes 10-30 cm. long, terminal lobe narrower, slightly retuse, the lateral lobes 

 many-flowered, the bracts lanceolate to linear-oblong, obtuse, acuminate, obsoletely rugulose, the inner lobes oblong, about 

 membranous, weakly nerved, 7-12 mm. long, about 2 mm. 3 mm. long, obtuse; lip about 9 mm. long, 5.5 mm. wide, the 

 wide; flowers yellowish brown, the pedicels shorter than the claw short, adnate to base of the perianth-tube, with a globose 

 ovary; perianth-tube broadly ovoid, oblique at the mouth, 7-8 appendage on each side at the apex, the limb broadly ovate, 

 mm. long, slightly inflated at base, the lobes small, deltoid; obtuse, with 4 crispate ridges within, the inner ridges disap- 

 lip about 2/3 as long as the tube, adnate to the under side pearing on the lower half, the outer ridges disappearing on 



near base, the claw short, the limb broadly ovate, obsoletely the upper half; column about 7 mm. long, lanceolate. ^May. 



3-lobed, the terminal lobe larger, short-fimbriate; column sub- Woods; Honshu (Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu; very rare, 

 terete, slightly broadened at tip, 6-7 mm. long; capsules ob- 4. Castrodia confusa Tuyama. Akizaki-yatsdshiro-kan. 



long-obovoid, 12-15 mm. long, short-pedicelled. Woods in Rhizomes pyriform, 1.5-4 cm. long, 0.7-1.5 cm. across, with 



mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu; rather rare. Forma viridis unicellular hairs; stems 3.5-10 cm. long, whitish, the scales 



(Makino) Makino. Gastrodia viridis Makino. Plant pale few, ovate, not at all or very short-sheathing, membranous; 



green; occurs with the typical phase. Formosa and China. racemes short; flowers 2-7, about 11 mm. long, broadly tubu- 



2. Castrodia gracilis Bl. Nayo-temma. Rhizomes lar-campanulate, the bracts ovate, gradually narrowed to tip, 

 smooth, glabrous; stems 10-30 cm. long, slender, with 6-7 4-7 mm. long, perianth-tube about 11 mm. long, 8 mm. across, 

 loosely arranged, membranous basal sheaths; racemes 2-5 cm. slightly inflated at base on the lower side, slightly contracted 

 long, loosely 6- to 14-flowered; bracts much shorter than the at the mouth, divided to the middle on the ventral side, the 

 pedicels, ovate or elliptic-ovate, 2-3.5 mm. long, obtuse, rarely outer lobes slightly incurved, the terminal lobe shorter, sub- 

 subacute; pedicels slender, longer tiian the ovary, 7-10 mm. truncate and retuse, the lateral lobes ovate, subacute, the inner 

 long, to 2 cm. long in fruit; flowers spreading to nodding; lobes rounded, 3-4 mm. wide at base; lip about 5.5 mm. long, 

 perianth-tube about 8 mm. long, slightly inflated at base on the 4 mm. wide, the claw short, with a depressed, tubular, 4- 

 lower side, the outer lobes nearly equal, very obtuse; capsules angled protuberance on each side at apex, the limb broadly 



broadly ellipsoidal, about 1 cm. long. June-July. Honshu ovate, short-cuspidate, obtuse, with a median bilobed ridge 



(Awa and Aki Prov.) ; very rare. within; column about 6 mm. long, auricled at the apex, wing- 



3. Castrodia nipponica (Honda) Honda & Tuyama. margined, obovate, slightly incurved; stigma in a depression 

 Didymoplexis pallens sensu auct. Japan., non Griff.; D. nippon- of the column on the lower portion of the ventral side; rostel- 



ica Honda Haruzaki-yatsushiro-ran. Rhizomes fusiform, lum small, subtruncate; pedicels to 30 cm. long following 



2-3.5 cm. long, to 5 mm. across, cross-lined, with unicellular anthesis. Oct. Woods; Honshu (Sagami and Kii Prov.), 



hairs; stems terete, 3-4 cm. long, with 2 or 3 scales; flowers Shikoku, Kyushu; very rare. 



27. SPIRANTHES L. C. Rich. Nejibana Zoku 



Plants terrestrial, erect; rhizomes fasciculate, short; leaves narrow, mostly radical; inflorescence spicate, one-sided, spirally 

 twisted; flowers small, sessile, white or rose; sepals free, nearly equal, the dorsal sepal frequently erect and forming a hood, 

 the lateral sepals obliquely attached on the top of the ovary, sometimes decurrent; lip sessile or clawed, erect, concave, loosely 

 embracing the column, flat above, entire or 3-lobed, with a callose tubercle on each side; column subterete, often decurrent on 

 the ovary, widiout a foot; stigma broad; rostellum erect, short and obtuse or elongate, more or less bifid; anther erect, ovate, the 



locules separate; pollinia granular, sometimes with caudicles; capsules erect, oblong. About 100 species, widely distributed 



in warmer and tropical regions. 



