344 



Orchidaceae 



36. CALYPSO Salisb. Hotei-rax Zoku 



Terrestrial herb with a single elliptic, plicate, petiolate, radical leaf; flowers rather large, showy, solitary, terminal, nodding; 

 sepals and petals narrow, equal, free; lip longer than the perianth lobes, spreading, broadly ovate, strongly inflated and saccate 

 above, the lateral lobes flat, the upper margins united to the dorsal lobe which is entire or shallowly bifid; column shorter 

 than the sepals, winged, broad and without a foot; pollinia 2 in each locule, sessile, waxy, ovoid; capsules oblong-fusiform, 

 6-ribbed. A single species, in the cooler regions of Eurasia and N. America. 



1. Calypso bulbosa (L.) Reichenb. f. var. speciosa 

 (Schltr.) Makino. C. speciosa Schltr.; C. bulbosa var. japonica 

 Makino, excl. syn; Cytherea bulbosa var. speciosa (Schltr.) 



Makino Hotei-ran. Glabrous perennial from a short, 



fusiform or narrowly ovoid pseudobulb; leaves ovate-elliptic, 

 obtuse to acute, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, slightly plicate, 

 deep green above, purple beneath, the petiole 1.5-4 cm. long; 

 scape 6-15 cm. long, erect, slender, with 2 membranous, sheath- 

 ing scales near the base; flowers solitary, terminal, the bract 

 broadly linear, 1.2-2.5 cm. long, acuminate; sepals and petals 

 spreading, brownish rose, linear-lanceolate, 2-3 cm. long, 3-4 



mm. wide, acuminate; lip pendulous, broadly ovate, 2.5-3 cm. 

 long, white with pale brown spots inside, the pouch antrorse, 

 bifid, softly long-pubescent within, the limb contracted, 

 rounded at apex, with undulate margins; column flattened, 

 ovate-elliptic, 1.3-1.5 cm. long, about 1 cm. wide; capsules 

 clavate, cylindric, about 2.5 cm. long, long-pedicelled, ascend- 

 ing. May-June. Coniferous woods in mountains; Honshu 



(north and centr. distr.) ; very rare. The Japanese phase nearly 

 corresponds with the N. American var. occidentalis Holz, 

 which has the limb of the lip shorter than the apical append- 

 ages of the pouch. 



37. OBERONIA Lindl. Yoraku-ran Zoku 



Evergreen epiphytes; stems elongate; leaves coriaceous to herbaceous, distichous, equitant, more or less fleshy, laterally flat- 

 tened or rarely terete, sheathed at base; flowers minute, numerous, in spikes, or racemes, the bracts very small; sepals free, 

 nearly equal; petals shorter and narrower than the sepals; lip sessile, spurless, inflated on the back, fimbriate or 2- to 3-lobed, 

 broadened at base and embracing the column in natural position; column very short, terete, narrowed at base, without a foot; 

 pollinia 4, in 2 locules, waxy; capsules small. About 150 species, in tropical Asia, Malaysia, Pacific Islands, and Australia. 



1. Oberonia japonica (Maxim.) Makino. Malaxis ja- 

 ponica Maxim.; 0.ma\inoilAasam.. ^Yoraku-ran. Small, 



pendulous, caespitose epiphyte; stems 1-4 cm. long, densely 

 leafy; leaves 4-10, laterally flattened, linear-oblong, 1-4 cm. 

 long inclusive of the short sheath, 2-6 mm. wide, short-acute 

 to obtuse, mucronate; inflorescence terminal, densely flowered, 

 2-8 cm. long, about 2.5 mm. across, the peduncle slender, 1-2 



cm. long; bracts deltoid, membranous, 0.5-2 mm. long, acumi- 

 nate, spreading; flowers yellow to greenish yellow, about 1 

 mm. across; sepals spreading, broadly ovate, obtuse; petals 

 ovate; lip obovate, 5-lobed, the terminal lobe shorter than the 

 others; capsules short-pedicelled, obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long. 



Apr.-June. Tree-trunks and rocks; Honshu (s. Kanto 



and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



38. TIPULARIA Nutt. Hitotsu-bqkuro Zoku 



Small terrestrial herbs; leaves solitary, basal, ovate, rather long-petiolate; scapes from the pseudobulb, with few sheathing scales 

 at base; flowers small, short-pedicelled, in loose racemes, the bracts minute or absent; sepals and petals equal, spreading, free, 

 narrow; lip erect at the base of column, sessile, as long as the sepals, slenderly spurred, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes small, the 

 terminal lobe flat, oblong, entire or retuse; column shorter than the sepals, erect, narrowly winged above; anther terminal, 



pollinia 4 in 2 cells, waxy, unappendaged; capsules clavate-fusiform or oblong-cyhndric, pendulous. About 4 species, in N. 



America, e. Asia, and the Himalayas. 



1. Tipularia japonica Matsum. Hitotsu-bokuro. Pseu- 

 dobulbs conical-ovoid, 1-1.5 cm. long; leaves solitary, the peti- 

 oles 3-7 cm. long, the blades deltoid- to elliptic-ovate, 3.5-7 cm. 

 long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, acuminate, rounded at base, green above, 

 purphsh beneath; scapes erect, slender, 20-30 cm. long, with 2 

 or 3 sheathing scales on lower part; inflorescence loosely 5- to 

 10-flowered, 4-6 cm. long, the bracts minute; flowers yellowish 



green; sepals and petals narrowly oblanceolate, about 4 mm. 

 long, obtuse; lip obovate, 3-lobed, about 3 mm. long, the 

 terminal lobe obtuse, entire, the lateral ones minutely toothed; 

 spur slender, about 5 mm. long; capsules fusiform, short- 

 pedicelled, pendulous, about 1 cm. long. May-June. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



39. DIDICIEA King & Prain Hitotsu-bokuro-modoki Zoku 



Small terrestrial herbs with pseudobulbs; leaves solitary; inflorescence racemose; flowers small, yellowish green or dark purple, 

 the bracts minute; sepals and petals nearly alike, erect, narrow; lip without a foot at the base of the column, erect, fleshy, 

 oblanceolate, sometimes inflated, spurless; column short, winged or nearly terete with a groove on the inner side; anthers 2- 



locular, deciduous; pollinia 4, without caudicles; rostellum short, truncate. Two species, one in Japan and another in Sikkim 



Himalaya. 



1. Didiciea japonica Hara. Hitotsu-bokuro-modoki. 

 Pseudobulbs globose, about 1 cm. long; leaf ovate, about 4.5 

 cm. long, 2.3 cm. wide, acute, cordate, brownish purple be- 



neath, 5-nerved, the petiole about 3 cm. long; scape slender, 

 about 15 cm. long, with 2 membranous sheaths at base; in- 

 florescence about 4 cm. long, loosely about 8-flowered, die 



