348 



Orchidaceae 



dilated at tip, usually short-spurred at base, the lateral lobes large and loosely embracing the column in natural position, the 

 terminal lobe broad; column broadened in upper part, with a ridge or wing on both sides, without a foot; anthers incurved; 

 pollinia 8, 4 in each locule, waxy; capsules oblong. — ^About 50 species, in w. Africa, tropical and e. Asia, and Polynesia. 



lA. Leaves to 17 cm. wide; sepals and petals narrowly oblong, acuminate, about 5 cm. long; lip with the lobes undulate near tip. 



1. P. tankervilleae 



IB. Leaves 5-8 cm. wide; sepals and petals oblong, obtuse, about 3.5 cm. long; lip with the lobes strongly papillose, crispate-dentate near 



tip 2. P. minor 



1. Phajus tankervilleae (Banks ex L'Herit.) Bl. Limo- 

 dorum tankervilleae Banks ex L'Herit.; Bletia tan\ervilleae 

 (Banks ex L'Herit.) R. Br.; P. grandijolius Lour.; Calanthe 

 speciosa Vieill. ^Kaku-ran, Kwaku-ran, Kwa-ran. Gla- 

 brous, terrestrial, tufted herb; leaves 2 or 3 from the pseudo- 

 bulb, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, to 70 cm. long, 17 cm. 

 wide, plicate, attenuate, acuminate, gradually narrowed at 

 base to the long pedole; scapes 60-70 cm. long, erect, terete, 

 the bladeless sheaths 4-7 cm. long; racemes erect, the bracts 

 deciduous; sepals and petals narrowly oblong, about 5 cm. 

 long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, nearly equal, acuminate, spreading; lip 

 slightly shorter than the sepals, broadly rhombic-obovate, 

 loosely embracing the column in natural position, shallowly 

 3-lobed, 3-keeled on the inside, the lobes short, rounded, with 

 undulate margins; spur terete, slender, about 1 cm. long, 

 slightly broadened toward the base; column about 2 cm. long. 



Kyushu (Tanegashima) ; very rare; sometimes cultivated. 



Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Malaysia, Polynesia, and Aus- 

 tralia. 



2. Phajus minor Bl. P. maculatus var. minor (Bl.) Fr. 



& Sav. Ganzeki-ran. Pseudobulbs narrowly ovoid-conical, 



angled, 3-5 cm. long; leaves 3-5 on the pseudobulb, narrowly 

 oblong to broadly oblanceolate, 20-40 cm. long, 5-8 cm. wide, 

 acuminate at both ends, plicate, the petioles 20-30 cm. long; 

 scapes 40-60 cm. long, erect, rather stout, with few membra- 

 nous, sheathing scales; racemes 15-25 cm. long, 5- to 18-flow- 

 ered, the bracts membranous, oblong, subacute, nerved, 15-20 

 mm. long; flowers yellow, becoming indigo-blue when dry; 

 sepals and petals narrowly oblong, 3-3.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. 

 wide, obtuse, nerved, obliquely spreading; lip cuneate-obovate, 

 slightly shorter than the other perianth lobes, loosely em- 

 bracing the column in natural position, 3-lobed, with strongly 

 papillose, crispate-dentate margins near tip, the lateral lobes 

 semirounded, the terminal lobe broader and denticulate; spur 

 7-8 mm. long, lanceolate; column about 2 cm. long, long- 

 pubescent on the inner surface; capsules pedicelled, pendulous, 



narrowly oblong, 3-4 cm. long. June. Honshu (Izu- 



Shichito Isls. and Kii Prov.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. 

 Forma punctatus Ohwi. Leaves white-maculate. Occurs with 

 the typical phase. 



46. CALANTHE R. Br. 



Ebine Zoku 



Plants terrestrial, with pseudobulbs; leaves few, radical, relatively large, plicate; scapes usually leafless; inflorescence simple, 

 racemose, the bracts small or prominent; sepals equal, free, spreading; petals similar to the sepals or narrower; lip clawed, 

 adnate to the base of the column, spurred or spurless, the limb spreading, often 3-lobed, the terminal lobe sometimes bifid; col- 

 umn short, erect, without a foot, winged or rarely wingless; anthers nearly terminal; pollinia 8, in 2 locules, waxy; capsules 

 oblong, usually pendulous. About 200 species, in tropical and temperate regions of Asia, 1 in Central America. 



lA. Bracts caducous; scapes from lower nodes of elongate sterile shoots; flowers small, pale yellow; spur absent 1. C. venusta 



IB. Bracts persistent; scapes radical. 



2A. Scapes from the fascicles of young leaves; flowers in elongate loose racemes. 

 3A. Flowers spurred. 



4A. Flowers yellowish green; sepals 7-9 mm. long; spur 2-8 mm. long. 



5A. Leaves 1—2 cm. wide; bracts 1-2 cm. long, linear-lanceolate; spur narrowly cylindric, about 8 mm. long 2. C. bungoana 



5B. Leaves 3-6.5 cm. wide; bracts about 4 mm. long, short-setaceous; spur oblong, about 2 mm. long. 3. C. oblanceolata 



4B. Flowers white, rose, brownish or yellow; sepals 15-30 mm. long. 

 6A. Spur shorter than the sepals; leaves glabrous. 



7A. Leaves oblanceolate to narrowly oblong; petals linear-lanceolate; bracts lanceolate, 1-2 cm. long 4. C. nipponica 



7B. Leaves obovate-oblong; petals obovate-spathulate or narrowly ovate; bracts 5-10 mm. long 5. C. discolor 



6B. Spur longer than or as long as the sepals. 



8A. Leaves puberulent beneath; lip 3-lobed; spur 15-18 mm. long; ovary puberulent 6. C. aristidifera 



8B. Leaves glabrous beneath; lip entire, minutely fimbriate; spur 2—2.3 cm. long; ovary glabrous 7. C. schlcchteri 



3B. Flowers spurless. 



9A. Petals broadly linear; lip flat, cuspidate 8. C. rejiexa 



9B. Petals oblanceolate; lip with cristate ridges on inner side, deeply retuse 9. C. torijera 



2B. Scapes from the fascicles of full-grown leaves; flowers in dense short racemes; spur slender; leaves sparsely pilose beneath. 



IDA. Leaves narrowly oblong to obovate-oblong, acuminate at both ends; flowers white to rose-purple; lip with 3 series of protuber- 

 ances near base within; spur longer than the sepals 10. C. jtircata 



lOB. Leaves elliptic to ovate, abruptly acuminate, rounded at base; flowers white; lip with a relatively large 5-lobed callosity; spur 

 shorter than the sepals 11. C. japonica 



1. Calanthe venusta Schltr. C. gracilis sensu auct. Ja- lower ones smaller and sheathlike; flowering stems 40-60 cm. 



pon., non Lindl. Tokusa-ran. Plant indigo-black when long, from the lower nodes of the sterile shoots, with several 



dried; sterile shoots elongate, 50-100 cm. long, leafy at apex, reduced sheathing leaves in the lower part; racemes 30-40 cm. 



the nodes conspicuous; leaves narrowly oblong, 20-40 cm. long, spreading white-pubescent, loosely many-flowered, the 



long, 4-7 cm. wide, acuminate at both ends, glabrous, the bracts broadly linear, acuminate, 1.5-3 cm. long, caducous; 



