Orchidaceae; Saururaceae; Piperaceae 359 



1. Sarcochilus japonicus (Reichenb. f.) Miq. Thrix- pale yellow; sepals narrowly oblong, 7-8 mm. long, obtuse; 



spermum japonicum Reichenb. f. Kay.^-ran. Stems petals narrowly spathulate-oblong, slightly shorter tlian the 



rather slender; leaves 10-20, flat, distichous, relatively dense, sepals; lip shallowly 3-lobed, the lateral lobes spreading, the 



lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 4-6 mm. wide, obtuse, mucronate, terminal lobe obsolete; column short; capsules cylindric, nearly 



gradually narrowed toward the base; peduncles slender, 2-4 sessile, 4-5 cm. long, about 3.5 mm. wide. Apr.-May. 



cm. long, 2- to 5-flowered, with a small scale near the middle, Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu, 

 the bracts broadly ovate, spreading, about 3 mm. long; flowers 



Subclass 2. Dicotyledoneae Dicotyledons Soshiyo Rui 

 1. Archichlamydeae Ribenka Rui 



Fam. 59. SAURURACEAE Dokudami Ka Lizard's-tail Family 



Perennial erect herbs with simple, petiolate, entire, alternate leaves; inflorescence racemose or spicate; flowers small, bisexual, 

 bracteolate, the perianth absent; stamens 6-8, hypogynous or adnate to the ovary and essentially epigynous; anthers 2-locular, 

 longitudinally dehiscent; pistil with 3 or 4 free or united carpels, the ovules orthotropous, 1 or 2 in each locule; fruit a capsule or 

 berrylike, indehiscent or incompletely dehiscent; seeds ovoid or globose, the testa membranous, the endosperm copious, mealy, the 

 embryo minute. About 3 genera, with 4 or 5 species, in e. Asia and N. America. 



lA. Stamens free from the ovary; carpels free; inflorescence without involucral bracts 1. Saururus 



IB. Stamens with the lower part of filaments adnate to the carpels; carpels connate; inflorescence with 4-6 petaloid involucral bracts at 

 base 2. Houttttynia 



1. SAURURUS L. Han-ge-sh6 Zoku 



Glabrous perennials (except inflorescence); leaves alternate, ovate-cordate, the stipules membranous, adnate to the pedole; 

 inflorescence spicate, terminal, bracteate on the pedicel; flowers small, the perianth absent; stamens 6 or 8, sometimes fewer, 

 the filaments filiform, free, the anthers erect; pistil of 3 or 4 free or nearly free carpels, the ovules 2 to 4 in each carpel; fruit 



subglobose, folliclelike; mature seed globose, usually soUtary in each carpel. Two species, one in N. America and one in e. 



Asia. 



1. Saururus chinensis (Lour.) Baill. Spathium chinense long, slightly clasping at base; racemes 10-15 cm. long, 



Loui.\ Saururus loureiri Decne.; Saururopsis chinensis (Lout.) densely many-flowered, erect, nodding while young, sparsely 



Turcz. Han-ge-sh6, Kata-shiro-gusa. Foetid perennial pubescent with crisped hairs, the bracts ovate-rounded, about 



widi thick creeping rhizomes; stems 50-100 cm. long, erect, 1.5 mm. wide, the pedicels 2-3 mm. long; stamens 6 or 7; 



sparsely branched; leaves narrowly to broadly ovate, 5-15 cm. carpels 3-5, glabrous.— June-Aug. Around ponds and along 



long, 3-8 cm. wide, acute, 5- to 7-nerved, entire, paler be- rivers; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Korea, Ryu- 



neath, cordate-auriculate, the uppermost white on the lower kyus, China, and Philippines, 

 half, the petioles rather broad, with a ridge beneath, 1-5 cm. 



2, HOUTTUYNIA Thunb. Dokudami Zoku 



Erect perennial herbs with alternate, petiolate, entire, cordate leaves; stipules radier large, membranous, adnate to the petiole 

 at base; spikes terminal, pedunculate, with 4-6 whitish involucral bracts at base; flowers sessile, bisexual, small, naked; bracts 

 small; stamens 3-8, the filaments adnate to the ovary; carpels 3 or 4, with parietal placentae; styles 3 or 4, simple; fruit sub- 

 globose, dehiscent below the style inside; seeds rather numerous, globose. A single species, in e. Asia. 



1. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. Polypara cordata cm. long, the involucral bracts usually 4, elliptic or oblong, 



(Thunb.) Buek; P. cochinchinensis Lour. Dokudami. spreading, persistent, 1.5-2 cm. long, white above; spikes 1-3 



Foetid, glabrous perennials with elongate, slender rhizomes; cm. long, short-cylindric, densely many-flowered, the flowers 



stems 20-50 cm. long, usually simple; leaves broadly ovate- sessile. June-July. Shaded places in lowlands; Honshu, 



cordate, 3-8 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, deep green, paler be- Shikoku, Kyushu; very common. Ryukyus, Formosa, 



neath, the stipules oblong, obtuse, persistent; peduncles 2-3 China, Himalayas, and Java. 



Fam. 60. PIPERACEAE Kosho Ka Pepper Family 



Herbs, shrubs or rarely small trees, sometimes scandent, often fleshy; stems and branches sometimes jointed; leaves alternate, 

 verticillate, rarely opposite, entire, the stipules sometimes absent; spikes or racemes densely many-flowered; flowers small, the 

 perianth absent, bisexual or unisexual, bracteate; stamens 2-10; ovary unilocular, with a solitary basal orthotropous ovule; stigmas 



1-6, sessile or the styles short; fruit a berry, 1-seeded, the embryo small, the endosperm fleshy. About 5 genera, with more 



than 1,000 species, chiefly in the Tropics. 



I A. Stigma solitarj'; erect sometimes fleshy herbs, often creeping at base 1. Peperomia 



IB. Stigmas (2-)3-'l(-5); commonly scandent woody plants, sometimes herbs 2. Piper 



