Chloranthaceae; Salicaceae 361 



lA. Evergreen shrub with leaves in evenly spaced pairs 1. C. spicattis 



IB. Herbs with leaves in few pairs near the apex. 



2A. Fertile stamens 2, the median one sterile; filaments elongate, linear, short-connate at base, the connective extending beyond the 

 anther; spike usually solitary 2. C. japonicus 



2B. Stamens 3, all fertile; filaments connate below, dilated, shordy 3-lobed above; spikes 1-3, usually 2 3. C. scrralus 



1. Chloranlhus spicatus (Thunb.) Makino. Nigrina ments white and conspicuous, shortly connate below and 



spicata Thunb.; C. inconspiaius Sw. Cha-ran. Small adnate to the ovary, linear, obtuse, spreading, 4-5 mm. long; 



glabrous shrub, the branches ascending or spreading toward fruit obliquely obovate, narrowed towards the base, 2.5-3 mm. 



the base; stipules membranous, linear, 2-3 mm. long, mucro- long. Apr.-May. Woods in low mountains; Hokkaido, 



nate; leaves oblong-ovate to ovate-elliptic, 4-8 cm. long, 2.5-4 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



cm. wide, rather obtuse, acute at base, shallowly undulate- Manchuria, and Korea. 



serrate, the petioles 5-12 mm. long; inflorescence terminal, 3. Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. 



spicate, pedunculate, glabrous, the spikes 10-18, ascending, 2-3 Nigrina serrata Thunb. Futari-shizuka. Erect glabrous 



cm. long; stamens 3, the filaments connate. Chinese shrub perennial from branching rhizomes; stems 30-50 cm. long, 



long cultivated in Japan. usually simple; lower leaves reduced to membranous connate 



2. Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. Tricercandra quadri- sheaths, die ordinary leaves 4 or 6, paired, approximate, ovatc- 

 joUa A. Gray; C. mandshuricus Rupr.; Tricercandra japonica oblong to ellipdc or ovate, 8-15 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, acumi- 



(Sieb.) Nakai Hitori-shizuka. Glabrous perennial from nate, sharply serrulate, abruptly narrowed toward the base, die 



short, branching, creeping rhizomes; stems erect, usually sim- petioles 8-12 mm. long; spikes erect, usually 2, sometimes to 5, 



pie, 20-30 cm. long; leaves small, membranous and scalelike or solitary, 3-5 cm. long; flowers small, white; filaments 3, 



toward the base, the uppermost consisting of 2 ordinary pairs 2.5-3 mm. long, connate into a broadly obovate, 3-lobed body, 



simulating a whorl of 4 leaves, ovate or elliptic, 4-12 cm. the median lobe slightly longer than the lateral ones; anthers 



long, 2-6 cm. wide, abruptly acute, sharply serrate, the petioles introrse; fruit broadly obovoid, about 3 mm. long. Apr.- 



10-15 mm. long; spikes usually simple, solitary, 2-3 cm. long, June. Woods in low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 



erect, the peduncle 2-5 cm. long; flowers white, sessile; fila- Kyushu; common. China. 



Fam. 62. SALICACEAE Yanagi Ka Willow Family 



Trees and shrubs, usually dioecious; leaves alternate, rarely subopposite, simple, usually stipulate, petiolate, usually serrate; 

 inflorescence of aments; flowers unise-xual, appearing before or with the leaves, in the axils of bracts; perianth wanting; stamen 

 1 to many; ovary 1-locular, the style 1, stigmas 2-4; fruit a 2- to 4-valved capsule, the 2-4 placentae parietal; seeds few to nu- 

 merous, with a tuft of long hairs (coma), the endosperm absent. Few genera, with about 350 species, circumboreal, in the 



temperate to cooler regions (few at high elevations in the Tropics) ; flowering mostly early in spring, but some species in summer. 



I A. Bud-scales numerous, imbricate; spikes pendulous with laciniate to toothed bracts; flowers with a cup-shaped gland 1. Popiilus 



IB. Bud-scales solitary; spikes with entire or denticulate bracts; flowers with 1 or 2 globose to cylindric glands or glandless. 

 2A. Spikes pendulous; stigma deciduous with the upper part of the style. 



3A. Flowers ancmophilous, without a gland 2. Chosenia 



3B. Flowers entomophilous, with 2 dorsi-ventral glands in the staminate ones, the glands lateral in the pistillate ones. ... 3. Toistisu 

 2B. Spikes erect; flowers entomophilous or anemophilous, with 1 or 2 glands; stigma persistent 4. Salix 



1. POPULUS L. Hako-yanagi Zoku 



Dioecious trees; buds with imbricate, glandular or sometimes hairy bud-scales; leaves alternate, deciduous, usually ovate to 

 ovate-rhomboid or subdeltoid, petiolate, entire or serrulate, involute in bud; flowers unisexual, with an obhque, cup-shaped gland, 

 borne in tke axils of laciniate, incised, or rarely entire bracts on pendulous, precocious aments; stamens 4 to many; ovary 1-locular, 



the style solitary, short, the stigma 2- to 4-fid; capsules 2- to 4-valved; seeds small, ovoid, brown; cotyledons elliptic. About 



30 species, in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Petioles laterally compressed above. 



2A. leaves deltoid or rhomboid-deltoid, glabrous, paler beneath; buds without hairs 1. P. nigra cv. Italica 



23. Leaves broadly ovate or rhomboid-rounded, slightly glaucous beneath, hairy while young; bud-scales pubescent 2. P. sieboldii 



IB. Petioles not obviously compressed. 



3A. Leaves densely silvery lanate beneath, Incised on margins 3. P. alba 



3B. Leaves pale white and usually puberulous on nerves beneath, obtusely serrulate 4. P. maximowiczii 



1. Populus nigra L. cv. Italica. P. nigra var. italica 3-5 cm. long, the flowers with rather numerous stamens. 



Koehne; P. italica Moench Seiyo-hako-yanaci, Popura. Apr. The Lombardy poplar, a cultivar of European origin. 



Deciduous tree of fastigiate habit, staminate; branchlets gla- often cultivated in parks and gardens. 



brous, orange-red while young, the buds reddish, glabrous, 2. Populus sieboldii Miq. P. trenuda var. vitlosa sensu 



viscid; leaves broadly deltoid or broadly rhombic-deltoid, Fr. & Sav., non Wessmael; P. trcmula var. sieboldii (Miq.) 



abruptly short-acuminate, broadly cuneate to nearly truncate Kudo Yama-narashi, Hako-yanagi. Deciduous tree with 



at the base, obtusely serrulate, glabrous, often with reddish rather thick, purplish gray branches, white-pubescent while 



nerves, the petioles 2-5 cm. long; staminate aments precocious, young, the bud-scales white-pubescent; leaf-blades ovate to 



