376 



Betulaceae; Fagaceae 



Makino Miyama-kawara-han-no-ki. Small txee with 



dark purple-brown or slightly grayish glabrous branches; 

 leaves cuneately obovate or cuneately obcordate-orbicular, 5-12 

 cm. long, 4-11 cm. wide, rounded or sometimes slightly retuse, 

 undulately toothed, pale green beneath, glabrous except the 

 axillary tufts of brownish hairs or thinly pilose on nerves 

 beneath, pale green beneath, broadly cuneate to cuneate at 

 base, the lateral nerves of 6 to 7 pairs, the petioles glabrous, 

 5-15 mm. long; staminate and pistillate inflorescence each 

 bearing 4 or 5 aments, the fruiting aments ellipsoidal to 



cylindric-oblong, 15-25 mm. long, 6-8 mm. in diameter. 



Mountains; Honshu (n. and centr. distr. along the Japan Sea). 



8. Alnus semilatoides Callier. A. maritima var. ob- 

 tusata Fr. & Sav.; A. glutinosa var. japonica Matsum.; A. 

 glutinosa var. obtusata (Fr. & Sav.) Winkl.; A. obtusata (Fr. 

 & Sav.) Makino ^Kawara-han-no-ki. Small tree with gla- 

 brous dark brown to dark purple-brown or sometimes slightly 

 grayish branches; leaves obovate-cuneate to broadly obovate or 

 obovate-orbicular, 6-10 cm. long, 4-9 cm. wide, rounded, 

 truncate or emarginate, cuneate at base, glabrous above, often 

 slightly pilose on nerves, with spreading hairs near axils be- 

 neath, serrulate, the lateral nerves of 7 to 9 pairs, slightly 

 raised and rather reddish beneath, the petioles 8-15 mm. long; 

 staminate inflorescence terminal, consisung of 4 or 5 aments, 

 the pistillate from the upper axils, consisting of 1-4 aments; 

 fruiting aments ovoid-ellipsoid, 15-20 mm. long, 8-12 mm. in 



diameter. Mar.-Apr. Along rivers; Honshu (Tokaido, 



Kinki, and Chiigoku Distr.), Shikoku. 



9. Alnus japonica (Thunb.) Steud. Betula japonica 



Thunb. Han-no-ki. Tree with gray-brown, glabrescent 



to loosely brown-pubescent branches; leaves oblong-ovate. 



ovate-elliptic to broadly lanceolate, 6-13 cm. long, 2.5-5 cm. 

 wide, acuminate, acute to cuneate at base, glabrous except for 

 axillary tufts of red-brown hairs beneath or slightly pubescent 

 on both sides, pale green beneath, with 7-9 pairs of rather 

 slender arcuate lateral nerves, the short marginal teeth mucro- 

 nate, the petioles 1-3.5 cm. long; staminate inflorescence con- 

 sisting of 2 to 5 aments borne on the upper part of the 

 branches, the pistillate consisting of 1-5 aments borne just 

 below, the fruiting aments ovoid-ellipsoid, 15-20 mm. long. 

 Mar. Wet lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; common and frequendy planted around paddy fields; 

 variable. Korea, Ussuri, and Manchuria. 



Alnus mayrii Callier. Usuge-hiro-ha-han-no-ki, and Al- 

 nus borealis Koidz., Hiro-ha-han-no-ki, are alleged hybrids 

 between No. 9 and No. 5. Both are allied to Alnus japonica but 

 with broader, elliptic to oblong, short-acute, indistinctly incised 

 leaves. 



10. Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz. A. nagurae Ino- 



kuma Sakuraba-han-no-ki. Small tree with gray-brown 



branchlets, glabrous or yellowish pilose while young; leaves 

 obovate-elliptic to oblong, 6-9 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, short- 

 acuminate to abruptly acute, rather regularly serrulate, gla- 

 brous or slightly pilose on nerves beneath, reddish when dried, 

 obtusely rounded to shallowly cordate, the lateral nerves of 9 

 to 12 pairs, raised beneath, the petioles 5-15 mm. long, more 

 or less pilose on upper side; staminate inflorescence terminal, 

 consisting of 4 or 5 aments, the pistillate of 3 to 5 aments 

 borne just below, the fruiting aments short-pedunculate, ovoid- 

 ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm. long. Wet places in lowlands and hills; 



Honshu (Kanto, Tokaido, Kinki, and Chugoku Distr.) ; rather 

 rare. China. 



Fam. 66. FAGACEAE Buna Ka Oak Family 



Deciduous or evergreen monoecious trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, pinnately nerved, entire, toothed or dentate, sometimes 

 pinnatifld, the stipules usually deciduous; flowers usually in axillary spikes on the twigs; perianth 4- to 7-merous; staminate 

 spikes (aments) slender and elongate, the flowers in axils of scales; stamens as many or twice as many as the perianth-segments 

 or rarely more, the filaments usually slender; pistillate flowers in 2's or 3's or solitary, fasciculate or in short spikes, sometimes 

 disposed at the base of the staminate aments; ovary 3- to 6-locular, the ovules 2 in each locule; styles 3, sometimes 6; nuts 1-seeded 



(sometimes 2- to 3-seeded), wholly or partially enveloped by an involucre; seeds lacking endosperm, the cotyledons fleshy. 



About 10 genera, with about 600 species, in tropical and temperate regions. 



lA. Staminate flowers many in heads; pistillate flowers in pairs on a common peduncle; involucres 2- to 4-lobed; nuts trigonous; cotyledons 



plicate, epigeal; flowers anemophilous 1. Fagus 



IB. Staminate flowers many in elongate, slender aments; pistillate flowers solitary or rather many, in spikes or aments; involucres entire 

 or irregularly incised; nuts spherical; cotyledons hypogeal. 



2A. Staminate aments pendulous; stigma flat; plants anemophilous 2. Quercus 



2B. Staminate aments erect; stigma punctiform; plants entomophilous. 



3A. Deciduous trees, without terminal buds; ovary 6-locular; styles 6, free; pistillate flowers 1-3 in an involucre 3. Castanea 



3B. Evergreen trees with terminal buds; ovary 3-locular; styles 3, connate below; pistillate flowers (in ours) solitary in an involucre. 



4A. Involucre entirely enclosing the nut; leaves usually in 2 series; buds flat, the scales distichous 4. Castanopsis 



4B. Involucre cuplike, exposing the nut above; leaves and scales not in 2 series; buds not flattened 5. Pasania 



1. FAGUS L. 



Buna Zoku 



Deciduous trees with smooth bark; leaves alternate, pinnately nerved, dentate or nearly entire; staminate flowers many, in 

 long more or less erect pedunculate heads, the perianth 4- to 7-parted; stamens 8-16; bracts of pistillate aments many, forming 

 a connate involucre, the flowers usually geminate in the involucre; styles 3, slender, reflexed; nuts ovoid-trigonous, enveloped 



by a 4-lobed, spinose or scaly involucre; seeds solitary, the cotyledons rather thick, flat and plicate, epigeal. About 10 species, 



in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Leaves nearly glabrous, pale green beneath, with 7 to 11 pairs of lateral nerves; fruiting peduncles 5-15 mm. long, pubescent. 



1 . F. crenattt 

 IB. Leaves slightly pubescent and slightly glaucous beneath, with 10-14 pairs of lateral nerves; fruiting peduncles 3-4 cm. long, glabrous. 



2. F. japonica 



