MORACEAE 383 



5A. Pistillate perianth 4-parted, becoming juicy and enclosing the achene 2. Morus 



5B. Pistillate perianth connate into a tube; achenes exserted when mature, with a fleshy stipe at base 3. Broussonetia 



3B. Stamens erect in bud; branches often reduced to spines; fruits aggregated in a false syncarp 4. Cudrania 



2B. Flowers on inner side of fleshy urceolate receptacle 5. Ficus 



IB. Scandent spinulose-scabrous herbs; leaves opposite, palmately lobed 6. Humulus 



1. FATOUA Gaudich. Kuwa-kusa Zoku 



Annual monoecious herbs with alternate, petiolate, simple, toothed leaves, the stipules deciduous; cymes densely flowered, 

 capitate, nearly axillary; staminate flowers 4-merous, the filaments incurved in bud; pistillate perianth usually 6-iobed; ovary 

 oblique; style sublateral, filiform, unbranched, dentate, or branched; ovules pendulous; achenes obliquely globose, slightly flat- 

 tened, enclosed in a persistent perianth, the pericarp crustaceous, the embryo curved. Few species, in Australia, Malaysia, and 



e. Asia. 



1. Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai. Urtica villosa surfaces, the pedoles radier slender; flowers small, greenish, 



Thunb.; U. japonica Thunb., non L. f.; F. aspera Sieb. & rather numerous, in axillary glomerules; achenes about 1 mm. 



Zucc; F. japonica (Thunb.) Bl. Kuwa-kusa. Erect, across, compressed-trigonous, dispersed with minute raised 



branched, short-pilose annual 30-80 cm. high; leaves membra- points. Sept.-Oct. Grassy places and cultivated fields in 



nous, broadly ovate, 5-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, acuminate, lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Ryukyus 



subtruncate at base, obtusely toothed, coarsely appressed-pilose and China, 

 above, short-pilose beneath, often slighdy scabrous on both 



2. MORUS L. KirwA Zoku 



Dioecious or monoecious deciduous shrubs or trees, unarmed, with milky juice; leaves often 3- to 5-lobed, toothed; staminate 

 aments rather long, many-flowered; stamens 4, filaments incurved in bud; pistillate aments elongate or short, the perianth 4- 

 parted; ovary sessile; style terminal, bifid, the stigma lobes linear; ovules pendulous; fruit an achene, enclosed by a persistent 



juicy perianth; seeds subglobose, with a membranous testa, the endosperm fleshy, the embryo straight. More than 10 species, 



in the temperate to warmer regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



1 A. Stigmas nearly free to the base; leaves obtusely toothed 1 . W. liliaefolia 



IB. Stigmas more or less connate; leaves with mucronate teeth. 



2A. Leaves with prominent, rather irregular teeth 2. M. bombycis 



2B. Leaves with short, rather regular teeth 3. M. australis 



1. Moms tiliaefolia Makino. Keguwa. Tree with lous beneath especially on nerves, irregularly toothed, often 3- 

 rather stout, coarsely pilose, gray-brown branches; leaves lobed, vivid to deep green above, the petioles nearly glabrous, 

 broadly ovate or ovate-orbicular, 10-22 cm. long, 6-18 cm. 1-4 cm. long; staminate spikes short-cylindric, 2-3 cm. long; 



wide, abruptly caudate-acuminate, cordate at base, obtusely fruiting spikes ellipsoidal, purple-black. Apr.-May. Moun- 



toothed, often 3-lobed, deep green, scabrous above, prominently tains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Sak- 



short-pilose beneath especially on nerves, the petioles densely halin, and s. Kuriles. Much used in feeding silk worms. 



soft-puberulent, 3-5 cm. long; spikes short-cylindric, the pistil- 3. Morus australis Poir. M. acidosa Griff. Shim.\- 



late 15-20 mm. long. Apr.-May. Honshu (Chiigoku guwa. Tree with nearly glabrous branches; leaves ovate or 



Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea. broadly so, 8-18 cm. long, 5-15 cm. wide, rounded to shal- 



2. Morus bombycis Koidz. M. japonica L. H. Bailey, lowly cordate at base, larger in vigorous shoots, with short 



non Sieb.; A/, kagayamae Koidz. Yamaguwa. Tree or rather regular teeth, sometimes 3-lobed, glabrescent on both 



large shrub witii glabrous or puberulous branches while sides or puberulous beneath on nerves, slightly scabrous above, 



young; leaves ovate or broadly so, 8-20 cm. long, 5-12 cm. the petioles 2-6 cm. long, nearly glabrous; staininate spikes 



wide, short-acuminate, rounded to shallowly cordate at base, short-cylindric; fruiting spikes ellipsoidal. Kyushu (Yaku- 



nearly glabrous and smooth or slightly scabrous above, puberu- shima and Tanegashima). China, Formosa, and Ryukyus. 



3. BROUSSONETIA Vent. Kozo Zoku 



Dioecious or monoecious trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent; leaves alternate, more or less scabrous, toothed, sometimes 3- 

 to 5-lobed, die stipules free, membranous, deciduous; staminate flowers 4-merous, the perianth-lobes valvate in bud, the filaments 

 incurved in bud; pistillate perianth ovoid or tubular, 3- to 4-toothed, entirely surrounding the ovary; style simple, filiform, with 

 stigmatic hairs from near base; fruiting spikes capitate; fruit stipitate, small, fleshy, exserted from the persistent perianth at 

 maturity, the endocarp seedlike and crustaceous. Few species, in e. and se. Asia. 



lA. Petioles 2-10 cm. long; branches stout; leaves coarsely pilose; staminate spikes 4-8 cm. long; pistillate spikes about 2 cm. across in 



fruit 1 . B. papyri jera 



IB. Petioles 3-2U mm. long; branches slender; leaves nearly glabrous to slightly pubescent; staminate spikes about 1.5 cm. long; pistillate 

 spikes about 1 cm. across in fruit. 

 2\. Plants monoecious; branches ascending, elongate and not scandent; leaves ovate to broadly so, slightly scabrous above. 



2. B. /{azinol^i 

 28. Plants dioecious; branches much elongate and scandent; leaves ovate to narrowly so, glabrate above 3. B. kacmpfrri 



