390 Urticaceae 



lA. Stems prostrate, herbaceous. 



2A. Leaves short curved-puberulent on nerves and midrib beneath, obliquely obovate, obtuse at apex, 8-20 mm. long 1. P. minima 



2B. Leaves glabrous or minutely papillose -puberuleht on midrib beneath, subovate or narrowly oblique-ovate, slightly elongate above. 



2. P. radicans 



IB. Stems woody, ascending to erect, 20-40 cm. long 3. P. scabra 



1. Pellionia minima Makino. Sansh6-so. Deep green cm. across, the peduncles papillose-puberulous; pistillate 

 perennial herb; stems slender, slightly branched, elongate, glomerules small, subglobose; achenes about 0.8 mm. long, 



creeping prostrate, 10-30 cm. long, minutely puberulous, minutely raised punctate. June-July. Woods; Honshu 



brownish green; leaves obliquely obovate, auriculate-rounded (Kinki Distr. and westvif.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



on outer margin at base, pale green, minutely puberulent on Pellionia yosiei Hara. Elatosiema yosiei Hara. This may 



nerves beneath, the petioles very short; staminate glomerules be a larger phase of P. radicans; leaves to 9 cm. long and 3 



cymose, the peduncles 1-1.5 cm. long, puberulous; pistillate cm. wide, the staminate inflorescence with peduncles 1-5.5 cm. 



glomerules sessile, densely flowered, small, the perianth-seg- long, 



ments linear; achenes elliptic, pale, about 0.7 mm. long, 3. Pellionia scabra Benth. P. pellucida Merr., excl. syn. 



prominently raised punctate. Apr.-June. Woods; Honshu ^Ki-mizu. Shrub 20-40 cm. high, branches ascending 



(Tokaido Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. to nearly erect, rather slender, grayish, slightly puberulent; 



2. Pellionia radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) Wedd. Procris leaves thin, sessile, oblique, oblanceolate or subobovate, 6-10 

 radicans Sieb. & Zucc; Elatostema radicans (Sieb. & Zucc.) cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, caudately acuminate, cuneate and ob- 



Wedd. O-SANSHO-so. Resembling the preceding but larger; tuse at base, short-toothed, coarsely scattered-hairy above, paler 



stems terete, prostrate, branched, elongate, brownish green, and the nerves puberulent beneath; staminate glomerules cy- 



nearly glabrous; leaves alternate, 2-seriate, subovate or ob- mose, pedunculate, the pistillate glomerules subsessile or short- 



liquely ovate in smaller ones, elongate above in the larger peduncled, densely flowered; achenes minutely punctate. 



ones, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, deep green, sometimes ap- Woods; Honshu (Izu Isls., Tokaido and s. Kinki Distr.), 



pressed pilose above, pale green and nearly glabrous beneath, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and China. 



the petioles very short, 1-3 mm. long; staminate cymes 1-1.5 



7. BOEHMERIA Jacq. Kara-mushi Zoku 



Monoecious herbs or shrubs, more or less hairy; leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate, equilateral or sUghtly unequal, toothed, 

 sometimes 2- to 3-lobulate, the stipules free, rarely connate, deciduous; inflorescence spicate or paniculate, the flowers small, 

 unisexual, the glomerules sessile; staminate flowers short-pedicelled or sessile, 4-merous, rarely 3- or 5-merous; pistillate flowers 

 usually sessile, the perianth tubular or utriclelike, the orifice with 2-4 minute teeth; ovary entirely invested by the perianth; 

 stigma elongate, short-puberulent on one side; ovules erect; achenes enclosed within the perianth. About 100 species, pan- 

 tropical and difficult to determine; the following list is a conservative estimate of those occurring in our area. 



lA. Leaves alternate, usually densely white-tomentose beneath; inflorescence a loose panicle. 



2A. Branches and petioles densely coarse-pubescent; leaves ovate-orbicular 1. B. nivea 



2B. Branches and petioles densely short-puberulent; leaves broadly ovate 2. B. nipononivea 



IB. Leaves opposite, pilose or pubescent beneath but without white tomentum. 

 3A. Pistillate perianth-tube puberulent throughout; plants slightly hairy. 



4A. Subshrub with woody branching base; leaves 4-8 cm. long, rhombic-ovate 3. B. spicata 



4B. Herbaceous, usually with simple stems; leaves 8-20 cm. long, ovate-orbicular 4. B. tricuspis 



3B. Pistillate perianth-tube above uniformly short appresed-puberulent or the hairs longer on the upper portion than on the lower por- 

 tion. 

 5A. Pistillate perianth-tube glabrous on lower portion. 



6A. Stigma very short, about 0.5 mm. long; achenes about \.2 mm. long 5. B. jormosana 



6B. Stigma slender, 1.5-2 mm. long; achenes about 2 mm. long 6. B. sieboldiana 



5B. Pistillate perianth-tube uniformly hairy, the hairs on lower part short and ascending, clearly shorter than those above. 

 7A. Leaves with the teeth equal. 



8A. leaves buUate-rugose, prominently scabrous above, more or less unequal, often 2- to 3- lobulate, the teeth small and many; 



maritime plants with relatively thick leaves 7. B. biloba 



8B. Leaves not bullate-rugose above, equilateral, with larger teeth. 



9A. Leaves rhombic-ovate or ovate, broadly cuneate at base, short-pubescent beneath 8. B. kiusiana 



9B. Leaves ovate-orbicular or orbicular, rounded to cordate at base, often densely short-pubescent beneath 9. B. pannosa 



7B. Leaves with the teeth unequal, often doubly toothed in upper part. 



lOA. Pistillate glomerules densely arranged and approximate; leaves membranous to rather thick, rounded to cordate or obtuse 

 at base. 

 11 A. Leaves velvety short-pubescent beneath, usually broadly ovate, obtusely rounded at base, the teeth usually simple. 



10. B. holosericea 



IIB. Leaves short-pubescent, the upper teeth often double 11. B. longispica 



lOB. Pistillate glomerules rather loosely arranged; leaves thinly membranous, usually truncate or very broadly cuneate at base. 



12. B. platanijolia 



1. Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. Urtica nivea L. white, coarse, spreading-pubescent; leaves membranous, ovate- 



Namban-kara-mushi. Densely hirsute perennial herb; orbicular, 10-15 cm. long, 6-12 cm. wide, slighdy elongate to 



stems simple or sparingly branched, to 1.5 m. long, grayish the caudate tip, cuneate-rounded at base, regularly dentate- 



