LORANTHACEAE ; ArISTOLOCHIACEAE 



397 



Parasitic on Pinus and Abies in mountains; Honshu (Kanto 

 Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



2. Taxillus yadoriki (Sieb.) Danser. Loranthus yadori- 

 \i Sieb. ex Maxim. Oba-yadorici. Much-branched ever- 

 green parasitic shrub, the branches and underside of leaves 

 densely rusty-brown tomentose; leaves subopposite, thick and 

 fragile, broadly ovate, obtuse, rounded at base, entire, stellate- 

 hairy above while young, densely and persistently so beneath, 

 with a rather prominent midrib beneath, the petioles 7-12 



mm. long; inflorescence 2- to 7-flowered, short-pedunculate, the 

 pedicels as long as the peduncles and ovary, rusty-brown vil- 

 lous; perianth about 3 cm. long, tubular, densely red-brown 

 stellate-pubescent outside, black-purplish, glabrous and lustrous 

 inside, the lobes 4, reflcxed, oblanceolate, 8-10 mm. long; 



stamens exserted; fruit subglobosc, red-brown. Sept.-Dec. 



Parasitic on broad-leaved evergreen trees; Honshu (Kanto 

 Distr. westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Korea and Ryukyus. 



3. VISCUM L. Yadorigi Zoku 



Tufted, parasitic, evergreen, dioecious or monoecious shrubs, usually dichotomously branched; leaves opposite, rather fleshy, 

 simple; flowers small, in terminal or axillary fascicles, the perianth deciduous, 3- to 4-lobed, short; stamens inserted on the perianth- 

 lobes, die anthers many-locular, many-pored; ovary of pistillate flowers inferior, the style very short or nearly absent; fruit a 

 berry. About 15 species, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. 



1. Viscum album L. var. coloratum (Komar.) Ohwi. 

 V. album subsp. coloratum Komar.; V. album var. lutescens 

 Makino; V. coloratum (Komar.) Nakai; ? Viscum magnifi- 



cum Koidz. Yadorigi. Tufted, glabrous, green, parasitic 



shrub, the branches 30-60 cm. long, dichotomously or trichot- 

 omously branched, terete, rather thick, jointed at nodes; leaves 

 thick, dull, opposite, oblanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 6-12 mm. 

 wide, 3- to 5-nerved, rounded to obtuse, deep green on both 

 sides, sessile; flowers terminal on the branchlets, sessile, small. 



yellow, the bracteoles cup-shaped, the perianth campanulate, 

 4-lobed; stigma sessile; fruit globose, pale yellow, semitrans- 

 lucent, about 6 mm. across, die perianth lobes and style per- 

 sistent. Feb.-Mar. Parasitic on deciduous trees; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. China, Korea, and 



Manchuria. A variable widely distributed species from w. 



Europe to nw. Asia. Forma rubroaurantiacum (Makino) 



Ohwi. V. album var. rubroaurantiacum Makino Aka-mi- 



YADORiGi. A rare phase with orange-red fruit. 



4. KORTHALSELLA Van Tiegh. 



Hinoki-ba-yadorigi Zoku 



Monoecious evergreen parasitic shrubs or subshrubs; leaves opposite, reduced to minute scales; flowers axillary in the scalelike 

 leaves, solitary or few, sessile, minute, the perianth deeply 3-parted, the anthers 2-locular, alternate and adnate to the perianth- 

 lobes; ovary inferior; fruit a small berry. Africa, s. Asia, and Australia. 



1. Korthalsella iaponica (Thunb.) Engl. Viscum jap- 

 onicum Thunb.; Viscum opuntia Thunb., excl. syn.; Bifaria 

 japonica (Thunb.) Van Tiegh.; Pseudixus japonicus (Thunb.) 



Hayata Hinoki-ba-yadorigi. Small parasitic subshrub 



5-12 cm. high, on evergreen trees and shrubs, glabrous, the 

 branches green, much branched, many-jointed, the internodes 

 flattened; leaves minute, mucrolike; flowers minute, sessile. 



less than 1 mm. across, few together at the joints, the perianth 

 deeply 3-lobed; fruit small, about 2 mm. across, broadly el- 

 lipsoidal, orange-yellow; seeds solitary, dehiscing by sudden 



explosion. Apr.-Aug. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.) , 



Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa, China, India, Malaysia, and 



Australia. 



Fam. 75. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Uma-no-suzu-kusa Ka Birthwort Family 



Herbs, shrubs or vines; leaves alternate, enure or lobed, exsUpulate; flowers bisexual, solitary, spicate, or racemose, some- 

 times in fascicles, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, die perianth tubular, campanulate, or slighdy inflated above, the limb 3-lobed 

 or dilated on one side, valvate in bud; stamens 6, 12, or 5, the anthers subsessile, free or adnate to the style, extrorse; ovary inferior 

 (rarely semiinferior), 4- to 6-locular, the styles 4-6, sometimes united into a column; ovules numerous, anatropous, in 2 series 

 on the inner angle of each locule; fruit capsular or berrylike, rarely indehiscent or septicidal; seeds flat or boat-shaped, with 

 fleshy or horny endosperm and minute embryo. About 5 genera, with about 500 species, mainly in the Tropics. 



lA. Perianth (calyx) campanulate to urccolate, regularly 3-lobcd, actinomorphic; stamens 12 (or 6); leaves radical; stems creeping or de- 

 cumbent 1. Asartim 



IB. Perianth (calyx) tubular, oblique on the throat; stamens 6; leaves cauline, alternate; usually twining climber 2. Aristolochia 



1. ASARUM L. Kan-aoi Zoku 



Perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes; leaves few, long-petioled, cordate, reniform, or ovate-cordate, entire; flowers radical, 

 terminal, solitary, short-pedicelled, bisexual, actinomorphic or scarcely zygomorphic; perianth (calyx) lobes 3(-4), adnate at 

 base to the ovary then free above or gamosepalous, the tube campanulate to urceolate; stamens 12 in 2 series, often fewer, the 

 filaments short, the connective usually rising above the anthers; ovary semiinferior or superior, (3-4) to 6-locular, the placentae 

 parietal, intruded; styles 6, rarely 3 or 4, free or united; ovules many, 2-seriate in each locule; fruit berrylike, the seeds exposed by 

 decaying of the lower portion, ellipsoidal, rounded on back, involute on margin, flat and with fleshy appendage on ventral face. 

 More than 100 species, many in our area, few in the temperate regions of Europe and N. America. 



