Aristolochiaceae 



399 



29B. Leaves solitary; perianth-lobes decurrent on the limb, the limb without a distinct ring on the throat. 



29. A. variegalum 

 22B. Flowers large; perianth-tube about 20 mm. long 30. /I. megacalyx 



1. Asarum caulescens Mxxim. Japonasarum caulescens 



(Maxim.) F. Maekawa Futaba-aoi. Rhizomes elongate, 



the internodes 5-15 mm. long; leaves membranous, deciduous, 

 long-petioled, usually 2, approximate, cordate, 6-15 cm. wide, 

 abruptly acuminate, deeply cordate at base, loosely pilose on 

 margin and on both sides; flowers solitary, terminal, the 

 pedicels 3-4 cm. long, longer than the flowers, loosely pubes- 

 cent with multicellular hairs, the perianth-segments ovate, 

 slightly united at base, forming a short false tube on lower 

 half, reflexed on upper half. Mar.-May. Woods in moun- 

 tains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



2. Asarum sieboldii Miq. Asiasarum sieboldii (Miq.) 

 F. \faekawa Usuba-saishin. Rhizomes with short in- 

 ternodes: leaves usually in pairs, long-petioled, cordate or reni- 

 form-cordate, 5-10 cm. wide, usually abruptly acute, scattered 

 short-pilose on both sides especially while young; flowers soli- 

 tary, on short pedicels, glabrous, the perianth-tube depressed- 

 globose, the lobes broadly deltoid-ovate, often recurved on mar- 

 gin; styles 6; stamens 12. Mar.-Apr. Honshu, Kyushu (n. 



distr.). 



3. Asarum dimidiatum F. Maekawa. Asiasarum dimi- 



diatiim (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa Kurofune-saishin. 



Closely resembling the preceding but the leaves thicker, 4-6 

 cm. long; st)'les 3; stamens 6. Apr.-May. Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu (centr. distr.). 



4. Asarum heterotropoides F. Schmidt. Asiasarum 



heterotropoides (F. Schmidt) F. Maekawa Oku-Ezo-sai- 



SHiN. Closely resembling No. 2, but the leaves yellowish 

 green, usually obtuse, 4-6 cm. wide; perianth-lobes fleshy, flat, 

 obtuse, recurved above after anthesis. May-June. Hok- 

 kaido. Sakhalin, s. Kuriles. 



5. Asarum sakawanum Makino. Heterotropa sa\a- 



wana (Makino) F. Maekawa Sakawa-saishin. Leaves 



rather thick, long-petioled, broadly to narrowly ovate, 6-10 cm. 

 long, 4-7 cm. wide, acute, deeply cordate at base, loosely 

 short-pilose on nerves above, ciliate; flowers glabrous, relatively 

 large, the perianth-tube globose, about 12 mm. long, the lobes 

 obtuse, much longer than the mbe, the reduced petals 3, short- 

 tubular, the styles ascending, incurved. Apr.-May. Shi- 

 koku (w. half of Tosa Prov.). 



6. Asarum costatum (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa. He- 

 terotropa costata F. Maekawa Tosa-no-aoi. Leaves ovate- 

 elliptic, subhastate, 10-15 cm. long, scattered-hairy on both 

 sides, ciliate; flowers glabrous, the perianth tubular, 6-angled, 

 the lobes obtuse, ascending, the petals absent; styles ascending, 

 recurved. May. Shikoku (e. half of Tosa Prov.). 



7. Asarum hexalobum (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa. 



Heterotropa hexaloba F. Maekawa Sanyo-aoi. Leaves 



ovate to broadly so, deeply cordate, 5-10 cm. long, 4-8 cm. 

 wide, subobtuse or sometimes acute, long-petioled, glabrous 

 beneath; flowers glabrous, short-pedicelled; perianth-tube de- 

 pressed-globose to obconical-globose, prominendy constricted 

 at the throat, with 6 longitudinal inflations, and 6 prominently 

 longitudinal raised and inconspicuous transverse lines inside; 

 periantii lobes nearly spreading, ovate-orbicular to broadly 

 ovate, about 10 mm. long, glabrous; stamens 6, the staminodes 

 6.— — Apr. Honshu (w. Chugoku Distr.), Kyushu (n. distr.). 



Asarum perfectum (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa. A. hexa- 

 lobum var. perfectum F. Maekawa Kinchaku-aoi. A 



close relative of No. 7, differing chiefly in the oblong leaves 

 and rather small flowers short-pilose inside, the lobes not con- 

 nivent above; stamens 12, staminodes absent. Poorly known. 

 Kyushu and Shikoku (w. distr.). 



8. Asarum crassum F. Maekawa. Heterotropa crassa 



(F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa Nancoku-aoi. Leaves 



broadly ovate or ovate-cordate, 11-17 cm. long, very thick, 

 glabrous, lustrous and with impressed veinlets above; flowers 

 densely white-puberulent, the perianth-tube semi-globose, the 

 lobes obliquely spreading. Feb. Cultivated in Kyushu. 



9. Asarum parviflorum (Hook.) Regel. Heterotropa 



parvi flora Hook.; A. elegans Duchart. Kobana-kan-aoi. 



Leaves ovate, acute, long-petioled; flowers small, shorter than 

 the bracts, die periandvtube broadly ellipsoidal, prominently 

 constricted at apex, the limb shallowly tubulose, the lobes 

 broadly ovate, nearly spreading. — ■ — Reported to be spon- 

 taneous in Honshu (Kanto Distr.). 



10. Asarum constrictum F. Maekawa. Heterotropa 



cotistricta (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa Tsukubane-aoi. 



Leaves 1 or 2, ovate, 7-10 cm. long, flat, acute, cordate, 

 lustrous, the nerves not impressed or raised, glabrous beneath; 

 flowers on very short pedicels, the perianth-tube 7-8 mm. long, 

 trapezoidal in lateral view, truncate and much-constricted at 

 apex, with about 15 longitudinal ribs and cross-veins inside, 



the lobes spreading, ovate, about 10 mm. long. Mar. 



Rarely cultivated in Honshu (near Tokyo). 



11. Asarum asperum F. Maekawa. Heterotropa aspera 

 (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa Miyako-aoi. Leaves soli- 

 tary, ovate-orbicular, 6-8 cm. long, subhastate at base, dull, 

 subobtuse, glabrous beneath; perianth-tube trapezoidal in lat- 

 eral view, about 6 mm. long, 9 mm. across, prominently con- 

 stricted at apex, with 15 longitudinal ribs and 2 or 3 transverse 



veins inside, die lobes spreading, 8-10 mm. long. Apr. 



Honshu (w. distr.), Shikoku. 



12. Asarum tamaense Makino. Heterotropa tamaensis 

 (Makino) F. Maekawa Tama-no-k.\n-aoi. Leaves soli- 

 tary, broadly elliptic to ovate-orbicular, obtuse, 5-10 cm. long, 

 lustrous, with impressed veinlets above, glabrous beneath; 

 flowers short-pedicelled, glabrous, die perianth short-tubular, 

 slightly constricted at apex, subtruncate at base, the limb 

 spreading, die lobes cordate-orbicular, densely crisped-pubes- 

 cent inside. Apr. Honshu (w. Kanto Distr.). 



13. Asarum miu'amatsui Makino. Heterotropa mura- 



matsui (Makino) F. Maekawa .'\maci-kan-aoi. Closely 



resembling No. 12; leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, with promi- 

 nently impressed veinlets above, nearly glabrous, strongly 

 lustrous; styles more than half the length of the perianth-tube, 

 strongly recurved above. May. Honshu (Izu Prov.). 



14. Asarum curvistigma F. Maekawa. Heterotropa 



curvistigma (F. Maekawa) F. Maekawa Kacigata-aoi. 



Leaves ovate to ovate-elliptic, 5-10 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide; 

 tlie veinlets slighdy impressed above, glabrous and smooth be- 

 neath; flowers short-pedicelled, the perianth-tube broadly 

 campanulate, slightly constricted at apex, 7-13 mm. long, 

 10-13 mm. wide, with 15-18 longitudinal ribs and cross-vein- 

 lets inside, the lobes spreading, usually short-pubescent inside. 

 Sept.-Oct. Honshu (Tokaido Distr.). 



15. Asarum asaroides (Morr. & Decne.) Makino. 

 Heterotropa asaroides Morr. & Decne.; A. thunbergii A. 



