404 



POLYGONACEAE 



cal and lower cauline leaves narrowly to broadly ovate, 6-15 

 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, subacute at apex, the auricles obliquely 

 deflexed, the sheath usually entire; upper cauline leaves with 

 longer auricles. July-Aug. High mountains and alpine re- 

 gions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). Europe 



and Siberia. 



4. Rumex aquaticus L. Numa-dai5. Stems 80-150 

 cm. high, often purplish, sulcate; radical and lower cauline 

 leaves oblong-ovate or elongate-deltoid, smooth, to 35 cm. long, 

 broadest near base; inner sepals 5-8.5 mm. long, 4.5-7 mm. 

 wide in fruit, ovate-deltoid, truncate to rounded at base, entire 



or nearly so. Reported to be spontaneous in Honshu (n. 



and centr. distr.) . Temperate regions of the Old World. 



5. Rumex longifolius DC. R. domesticus Hartm.; ? R. 

 suzukianum Rechinger f. ^No-daio. Smooth or with scat- 

 tered hairhke papillae; stems 80-120 cm. long, rather stout; 

 radical leaves long-petiolate, oblong-ovate to oblong, 20-35 

 cm. long, 10-20 cm. wide, obtuse, cordate, slightly undulate on 

 margin, the upper leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 

 rather small, shallowly cordate or broadly cuneate at base and 

 short-petioled; inflorescence erect, large, narrow, densely many- 

 flowered, the pedicels slender, rather elongate; outer sepals 

 in fruit spreading, oblong, about 1.8 mm. long, the inner 

 whorl orbicular-cordate, membranous, weakly net-veined, 

 5-6 (-7) mm. long and as wide, entire or with shallow ob- 

 solete teeth on margin; achenes dark-brown, lustrous, acutely 



3-angled, about 3 mm. long. June-Aug. Wet meadows in 



lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). 



Temperate regions of Eurasia. 



6. Rumex madaio Makino. R. daiwoo Makino ^Ma- 



DAio. Resembles No. 5; leaves beneath with distinct hair- 

 like papillae especially on nerves; stems stout, 80-100 cm. long; 

 radical leaves long-petioled, ovate or broadly so, sometimes 

 ovate-oblong, 20-30 cm. long, 12-20 cm. wide, subobtuse, cor- 

 date; verticils of flowers rather distant; lobes of the outer 

 sepals spreading in fruit, the inner whorl orbicular-cordate, 



slightly toothed on margin. ^May-July. Hokkaido (?), 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 



7. Rumex nepalensis Spreng. R. andreaeanus Makino; 



R. daiwoo var. andreaeanus (Makino) Makino ^Kibune- 



DAio. Resembles No. 6; perianth-segments of the inner 

 whorl ovate-orbicular, slightly cordate at base, rather firm, 5-6 

 mm. long and as wide, rather prominently netted-veined, the 

 margin with slender hooked spreading spines 2-3 mm. long; 

 achenes gray-brown, lustrous, ovate, acutely 3-angled, 3-3.5 

 mm. long.— — ^May-June. Stream banks and ravines in moun- 

 tains; Honshu (Yamashiro Prov.); rare; possibly introduced 

 from China. China to the Himalayas. 



8. Rumex gmelinii Turcz. Karafuto-no-dai6. Peren- 

 nial herb, densely pilose on leaves beneath and with whitish 

 hairlike papillae; rhizomes stout; stems 50-100 cm. long, few- 

 leaved; radical leaves deltoid-cordate, 10-20 cm. long and as 

 wide, very obtuse, long-petioled and deeply cordate, the cauline 

 smaller, the upper short-petioled, narrowly deltoid-ovate, more 

 or less cordate; inflorescence usually not leafy, rather large, 

 erect, the outer sepals ascending, the lobes lanceolate, 1.5- 

 1.8 mm. long, boat-shaped, the lobes of the inner whorl 

 broadly ovate or broadly elliptic, membranous, obtuse, rounded 

 at base, 4-4.5 mm. long, weakly net-veined, nearly entire; 

 achenes ovate, acutely 3-angled, dark brown, lustrous, about 

 3 mm. long. July-Sept. Wet places in high mountains; 



Hokkaido; rare. n. Korea, s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, Manchuria, 



and the Ochotsk Sea area. 



9. Rumex japonicus Houtt. R. crispus var. japonicus 

 Makino Gishi-gishi. Smooth green or scattered papil- 

 lose-hairy perennial herb; stems erect, 40-100 cm. long, rather 

 stout; radical leaves long-petioled, narrowly ovate-oblong to 

 narrowly oblong, 10-25 cm. long, 4-10 cm. wide, subobtuse, 

 cordate, undulate on margin, the upper cauline leaves small, 

 narrow, short-petioled, cuneate at base; inflorescence narrow, 

 dense, leafy; segments of the outer sepal-whorl spreading, ob- 

 lanceolate, boat-shaped, the lobes of the inner whorl rather 

 firm, cordate-orbicular, dentate, the tubercles narrowly ovoid, 

 2-2.5 mm. long; achenes broadly ovate, dark brown, acutely 



trigonous, lustrous, about 2.5 mm. long. June-Aug. Wet 



meadows and along ditches in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Sakhalin, Korea, and Kam- 

 chatka. 



Var. yezoensis (Hara) Ohwi. R. yezoensis Hara; ? R. ni\- 



\oensis Makino O-gishi-gishi. Inner sepal-lobes 6-7 mm. 



wide, larger, with prominent teeth on lower margin; achenes 

 3-4 mm. long. Hokkaido. 



10. Rumex crispus L. Nagaba-gishi-gishi. Resem- 

 bling No. 9; stems sometimes purplish, 30-80 cm. long; radical 

 leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 12-30 cm. long, 4-6 cm. 

 wide, distinctly undulate on margin; inner sepals broadly 

 ovate, sometimes subcordate, 4-5 mm. long, 3.5-4.5 mm. wide, 



usually entire, the tubercles 1.5-2 mm. long. June-Oct. 



Naturalized in our area. Europe, Asia, and North Africa; 



naturalized also in N. America. 



11. Rumex conglomeratus Murr. Arechi-gishi-gishi. 

 Glabrous perennial; stems branched, often purplish, 30-100 

 cm. long; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, 10-20 cm. long, 3-7 

 cm. wide, subacute, rounded to shallowly cordate, long-peti- 

 oled, undulate on margin, the upper ones smaller, short-peti- 

 oled; inflorescence much-branched, leafy, diffuse, the verticils 

 small, many-flowered, the pedicels short, the outer sepals 

 ascending-appressed, about 0.5 mm. long, the inner ones nar- 

 rowly deltoid-ovate, about 3 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide, entire, 

 with few weak netted veinlets, the tubercles ovoid, rather 

 prominent, about 1.2 mm. long; achenes broadly ovate, trigo- 

 nous, dark brown, lustrous, about 1.5 mm. long. June-Oct. 



Naturalized and common around cities in our area. 



Europe. 



12. Rumex maritimus L. R. ochot\ius Rechinger f. 



Kogane-gishi-gishi. Low, rather stout, smooth or 



sometimes papillose-pilose annual or biennial herb; stems 10-50 

 cm. long, with ascending branches; lower leaves narrowly to 

 broadly lanceolate, 7-15 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, subacute, 

 obtuse to acute at base; inflorescence leafy, the verticils densely 

 many-flowered, subglobose, widely separated, or upper ones 

 contiguous; perianth in fruit yellow-brown, the outer sepals 

 nearly spreading, about 1 mm. long, the inner deltoid-ovate, 

 acute, 2.5-3 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide, sparingly net-veined, 

 the marginal spines 2-3 mm. long, the tubercles ovoid, 1-1.5 

 mm. long; achenes yellow-brown, oblong, about 1.2 mm. long, 



lustrous, acutely trigonous. July-Aug. Waste ground near 



seashores; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). Ochotsk Sea 



area to Siberia, India, and Europe. 



13. Rumex obtusifolius L. Ezo-no-gishi-gishi. Per- 

 ennial herb with hairlike papillae on the leaves beneath 

 especially on the nerves; stems stout, 30-80 cm. long; radical 



