Caryophyllaceae 423 



3B. St)'les free; stipules scarious. 



4A. Styles and carpels 5 2. Spcrgula 



4B. Styles and carpels 3 3. Spcrgularia 



2B. Stipules absent. 



5A. Petals entire or absent. 



6A. Styles as many as the sepals and alternate with them 4. Sagina 



6B. Styles fewer than the sepals. 



7A. Valves of the capsule as many as the style, entire. 



8A. Rather fleshy seashore plants, with flat leaves; disc prominent, 8- to 10-lobed; fruit fleshy 5. Honkjsnya 



SB. Small tufted alpine plants, with subulate leaves; disc not prominent; fruit a dry capsule 6. Minuarlia 



7B. Valves of the capsule bifid. 



9A. Seeds not strophiolate 7. Arenaria 



9B. Seeds strophiolate 8. Moehringia 



5B. Petals retuse to 2-parted, rarely entire or absent. 



]0A, Cleistogamic flowers present; roots at least some of them thickened 9. Pseudostellaria 



lOB. Cleistogamic flowers absent; roots not thickened (in ours). 



1 lA. Styles 5, opposite the sepals, rarely 3 or 4; capsules cyllndric 10. Cerastium 



IIB. Styles 3, rarely 5 but alternate with the sepals; capsules ovoid to globose 11. Stellaria 



IB. Sepals connate below into a prominent tube; petals distlncdy clawed; stipules absent. 



12A. Styles 2; calyx-tube with many longitudinal nerves, with 1 to few pairs of bracts at base; seeds peltately attached. . . 12. Dianthus 

 123. Styles 3-5; calyx-tube 5- to lO-nerved, sometimes up to 20-nerved, bractless or the bracts not at the base; seeds laterally attached. 



13A. Fruit a berry becoming crustaceous and irregularly dehiscent 13. Cuciibalus 



13B. Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by teeth or valves. 

 14 A. Capsules and ovary 1-locular. 



15A. Teeth of capsules usually 5, as many as the styles 14. Lychnis 



15B. Teeth of capsules usually 6, twice as many as the styles 15. Melandrium 



14B. Capsules and ovary 3- to 5-locular at base 16. Silene 



1. DRYMARIA Willd. Yambaru-hakobe Zoku 



Diffuse, rarely erect, dichotomously branched herbs; leaves flat, the stipules small, bristly or fugaceous; flowers pedicellate, 

 small, in spreading terminal axillary cymes; sepals 5, herbaceous or scarious on the margin, free; petals 5, 2- to 6-fid; stamens 

 5 or fewer; ovary 1-locular, few to many-ovuled; styles 3-fid; capsules 3-valved; seeds reniform-globose or laterally flattened, with 

 a lateral hilum. About 40 species, mainly in tropical America, a few widely dispersed in the Tropics of the Old World. 



1. Drymaria cordata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. var. rounded and pale green on back, weakly 3-nerved, the margins 



pacifica Mizushima. Omunagusa. Much-branched, slen- scarious; petals white, slightly shorter than the sepals, oblance- 



der, glabrous herb with obtusely angled branches; leaves thinly olate, cleft to the middle, the lobes linear-lanceolate, acudsh; 



membranous, depressed cordate-orbicular, 8-15 mm. wide, stamens slighdy more than half as long as the sepals, the 



slighdy shorter than broad, rounded, entire, truncately rounded anthers pale yellow; styles 3, slighdy connate at base; capsules 



at base, weakly 3-nerved, the petioles nearly absent to 3 mm. ovoid, about 2 mm. long, the valves 3, ovate, entire, membra- 



long, the stipules consisting of a few whitish setae; cymes nous; seeds 4 or 5, dark brown, about 0.5 mm. long, mammil- 



terminal, soon becoming lateral, glabrous, loosely several- late. Apr .-May. Lowlands; Honshu (Hachijo Isl.). 



flowered, the peduncles slender, 3-5 cm. long, the bracts scari- Bonins, Hawaii, S. America, and Africa. The typical phase oc- 



ous, broadly lanceolate, acute, greenish on the back, the pedi- curs in S. America and Africa, 

 eels smooth; sepals 5, about 3 mm. long, narrowly oblong, 



2. SPERGULA L. O-tsume-kusa Zoku 



Annual or biennial herbs, dichotomously or fasciculately branched; leaves subulate, apparendy verticillate, die stipules scarious, 

 small; flowers pedicelled, the cymes racemose; sepals 5; petals 5, entire; stamens 10, rarely 5; ovary 1-locuIar, many-ovuled; st)'les 



5, alternate with the sepals; capsules 5-valved, entire, the valves opposite the sepals; seeds flat, acutely margined or winged. 



Two or three species in the Old World, spread elsewhere as a weed. 



1. Spergula arvensis L. Nohara-tsume-kos.\. Tufted longer than the sepals; seeds orbicular, slighdy flattened, about 



annual or biennial, glabrous or slighdy short-pubescent above; 1.2 mm. across, black, narrowly winged with scattered pale 



stems ascending, 20-50 cm. long, slender, the stipules small, mammillae on both surfaces. July-Aug. Waste grounds 



about 1 mm. long; leaves narrowly linear or subulate, 1.5^ and cultivated fields in lowlands; Hokkaido, Honshu (Kanto 



cm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, obtuse, verticillate in 12's to 20's; and centr. distr.). Naniralized from Europe. 



inflorescence loosely flowered, often once to t\vice branched, Var. sativa (Boenn.) Koch. S. sat'wa Boenn. O-tsume- 



5-10 cm. long, the bracts small, membranous, the pedicels kusa. Seeds smooth. Occurs with the typical phase. 



1.5^ cm. long, deflexed in fruit; sepals 3-4 mm. long, ovate, Var. maxima Koch. O-tsume-kusa-modoki. With large 



acute, slightly longer or as long as the petals; capsules slighdy mammillate seeds. Naturalized in our area from Europe. 



