424 



Caryophyllaceae 



3. SPERGULARIA Pers. Ushio-tsume-kusa Zoku 



Spreading diffuse herbs mainly growing near the seashore and in saline soils; leaves linear to subulate, the axillary tufts of 

 leaves often appearing verticillate, the stipules scarious; flowers pedicelled, white or pinkish, axillary, the cymes often racemose; 

 sepals 5; petals 5, entire, rarely fewer or absent; stamens 10 or fewer; ovary 1-locular, many-ovuled; styles 3, free; capsules 

 3-valved; seeds reniform-globose or laterally flattened, often winged on margin. About 30 species. 



lA. Stipules free, lanceolate or narrowly deltoid; flowers pale pinkish; capsules slightly longer than the sepals 1. S. rubra 



IB. Stipules connate at base, the free portion broadly deltoid, often shallowly toothed; flowers white; capsules 1J4 times longer than 

 the sepals 2. 5. marina 



1. Spergularia rubra (L.) Presl. Arenaria rubra L.; 



Tissa rubra (L.) Britt. Usu-beni-tsume-kusa. Annual or 



biennial herb often glandular-pilose on upper part and on 

 sepals; stems decumbent and branching below, 5-15 cm. long, 

 usually tufted; stipules 3-3.5 mm. long, thinly scarious, white, 

 lustrous; leaves linear, 8-15 mm. long, 0.5-1 mm. wide, ending 

 in a minute awn; flowers axillary, the pedicels 3-8 mm. long; 

 sepals broadly lanceolate, obsoletely nerved, subobtuse, 3-4 

 mm. long, narrowly scarious on margin; petals oblanceolate, 

 2-3 mm. long, obtuse; capsules 4-5 mm. long, ovoid-globose; 

 seeds subovate-globose, about 0.3 mm. across, with scattered 

 obsolete tubercles on back. June-Oct. Seashores; Hok- 

 kaido. Seashores in the cold temperate to frigid regions of 



the N. Hemisphere. 



2. Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. Arenaria rubra 

 var. marina L.; A. marina (L.) AIL; S. salina J. & C. Presl; 



S. marina var. asiatica (Hara) Hara; S. salina var. asiatica 



Hara Ushio-tsume-kusa. Resembles the preceding 



species but larger; stems 10-20 cm. long, the upper parts and 

 sepals often slighdy glandular-pilose; stipules broadly deltoid 

 or broadly ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, thinly membranous, white, 

 lustrous, connate on lower half, often 2- to 3-toothed on 

 margin; leaves linear; flowers axillary, the pedicels 3-8 mm. 

 long; sepals narrowly ovate or narrowly ovate-oblong, obtuse, 

 obsoletely 3-nerved, white-scarious on margins, 3-4 mm. long; 

 petals narrowly obovate, about 2 mm. long, white, obtuse; 

 capsules 5-6 mm. long; seeds ovate, slightly flattened, minutely 

 mammillate to nearly smooth, 0.5-0.7 mm. long, barely 

 winged. July-Sept. Wet saline habitats near the sea; Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Kyushu (n. distr.). Sakhalin, Korea, Man- 

 churia, and cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



4. SAGINA L. TsuME-KusA Zoku 



Small annuals, biennials or perennials; leaves subulate, opposite, exstipulate; flowers small, solitary in leaf axils or in terminal 

 cymes, pedicelled, white; sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 or 5 or absent, entire, rarely retuse; stamens as many or fewer than the sepals, 

 sometimes twice as many; ovary I-locular; styles as many as and alternate with the sepals; capsules 4- or 5-valved, the valves op- 

 posite the sepals; seeds minute. ^More than 10 species, in the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Plant glabrous throughout; pedicels recurved while young, straight at maturity \. S. saginoides 



IB. Plant usually glandular-pilose in upper part or sometimes glabrous; pedicels straight from the beginning. 



2A. Superficial cells of seeds with a wart in the center 2. 5. japonica 



2B. Superficial cells of seeds smooth, not warty 3. 5. maxima 



1. Sagina saginoides (L.) Karst. Spergula saginoides spine-tipped; flowers axillary, solitary, sometimes forming a ter- 



L.; Sagina linnaei Presl Chishima-tsume-kusa. Small minal leafy cyme; sepals 5, elliptic, rounded at apex, about 2 



glabrous perennial; leaves linear, mucronate or very short- mm. long; petals narrowly ovate, slightly shorter than to 



awned; pedicels 1-2.5 cm. long, slender, ascending or erect, nearly as long as the sepals, entire, rounded at apex, white; 



recurved near the tip in young fruit, strict in fruit; sepals 5, stamens 5-10; capsules ovoid-globose, slightly longer than the 



rarely 4, ovate-oblong, elliptic, or ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long, ob- sepals, deeply 5-parted; seeds minute, ovoid, about 0.4 mm. 



tuse to rounded; petals nearly rounded to obovate, about half long, minutely warty, dark brown. Mar.-Oct. Lowlands 



to nearly as long as the calyx; stamens 5-10; capsules as long to mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very 



as to slightly longer than the calyx; seeds light brown, 0.3-0.4 common especially around dooryards. China and Korea to 



mm. across, nearly smooth, distinctly grooved dorsally. India. 



July-Aug. Alpine; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. 3. Sagina maxima A. Gray. S. taquetii auct., non Lev. 



Sakhalin, Kuriles, Kamchatka, Siberia, Caucasus, Europe, Hama-tsume-kusa. Resembles the preceding but slightly 



and N. America. stouter, often with a rosette of basal leaves in winter and the 



2. Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi. Spergula japonica Sw.; leaves slightly broader and thicker, the pedicels and sepals 

 Spergella japonica Sw. ex Steud.; Sagina maxima sensu auct. glandular-pilose; seeds yellow-brown, without warts, the cells 



Japon., non A. Gray; S. sinensis Hance; S. taquetii Lev. slightly convex, scarcely impressed. June-Aug. Near sea- 



TsuME-KusA, Takano-tsume. Small tufted glabrous annual shores; Hokkaido, Honshu. ^Korea and Formosa. 



or biennial, the pedicels, sepals, and sometimes the upper part Var. crassicaulis (S. Wats.) Hara. S. crassicaulis S. Wats. 



of the stems glandular-pilose; stems 2-20 cm. long, ascending Ezo-hama-tsume-kusa. Pedicels and sepals glabrous. 



and branched below; leaves subulate, slightly flattened, 7-18 Hokkaido. Kamchatka and western N. America. 



mm. long, 0.8-1.5 mm. wide, enure, acutely and minutely 



