Caryophyllaceae 



427 



lA. Upper 2 pairs of leaves approximate; flowers 1-5, terminal. 

 2A. Chasmogamic flowers solitarj', terminal, usually 6- to 8-mcrous, the pedicels glabrous; roots few-fascicled, only slightly thickened. 



1. P. palibiniana 

 2B. Chasmogramic flowers 1 or 2 (-5), terminal, 5-merous, the pedicels pubenilous on one side; main root solitary, fusiform. 



2. P. Iteterophylla 

 IB. Leaf pairs not approximate; flowers terminal and lateral. 

 3A. Leaves glabrous except on margin at base, linear to ovate, narrowed below. 



4A. Leaves nearly all alike, linear to linear-lanceolate; flowers usually few to several in a terminal cyme 3. P. sylvatica 



4B. Leaves heteromorphic, the upper ovate or narrowly ovate, the lower spathulatc; flowers 1-3, solitary in axils, terminal. 



4. P. hcterantha 

 33. Leaves ciliate, ovate to broadly ovate, rounded at base 5. P. japonica 



1. Pseudostellaria palibiniana (Takeda) Ohwi. Kras- 

 cheninnikpi'ia palibiniana Takeda; K. palibiniana var. poly- 



mcra Nakai Higene-w.\chig.\i-s6. Roots 1^, elongate, 



.slightly thickened; stems 10-20 cm. long, the internodes with 

 2 longitudinal series of soft hairs; lower leaves spathulate- 

 oblanceolate, 2 to 4 pairs, obtuse, slightly pubescent toward 

 the base, the upper leaves approximate, broadly lanceolate to 

 ovate or broadly so, 3-4 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, abrupdy 

 acute to obtuse, rather broadly cuneate at base, glabrous, 

 sessile; flowers solitary, white, die pedicels 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 

 glabrous; sepals 5-8, sometimes sparsely ciliate at base; petals 

 broadly oblanceolate, entire, 6-8 mm. long, obtuse; cleistogam- 



ous flowers near base of stems, short-perioled. Apr.-May. 



Woods in mountains; Honshu (Iwaki Prov. southw. to centr. 

 distr.) . Korea. 



2. Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax. Kras- 

 cheninnihovia heterophylla Miq.; K. \oidziimiana Ohwi; 



Pseudostellaria l^oidziimiana (Ohwi) Ohwi Wada-so. 



Resembles the preceding; main root thickened, fusiform near 

 base; stems 10-15 cm. long, with 2 longitudinal rows of short 

 hairs on the internodes; upper leaves ovate to broadly so or 

 rhombic-ovate, usually acute, 3-6 cm. long, 1-4 cm. wide, often 

 slighdy pilose on the nerves beneath, sessile; flowers 1-5, 

 fasciculate, terminal, white, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, short- 

 pubescent; sepals 5, slightly pilose on back; petals 5, narrowly 

 oblong, bifid, 7-8 mm. long; cleistogamous flowers short- 

 pedicellate, on nodes below the chasmogamic ones. Apr.- 

 May. Honshu, Kyushu. Korea, China, and Manchuria. 



3. Pseudostellaria sylvatica (Maxim.) Pax. Kras- 



cheninnil{Ovia sylvatica Maxim. Kushiro-wachigai-so. 



Roots 1 to few, thickened and fusiform; stems simple, usually 

 solitary, 4-angled, 15-30 cm. long, with 2 longitudinal rows of 

 short hairs on the internodes; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 

 3-7 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, acuminate, subsessile, glabrous 

 except for a few hairs at base; flowers few (sometimes soli- 



tary), usually in a loose terminal cyme, white, the pedicels 

 short-pubescent on one side, 15-30 mm. long; sepals 5, gla- 

 brous; petals narrowly obovate, 5-6 mm. long, shallowly 2- 

 lobulate; cleistogamous flowers pedicelled, borne on the lower 



nodes. May-June. Hokkaido, Honshu (Rikuchu Prov.) ; 



rare. Korea, China, and e. Siberia. 



4. Pseudostellaria heterantha (Maxim.) Pax. Kras- 

 cheninni^ovia heterantha Maxim.; K. maximotvicziana Fr. & 



Sav.; P. musashiensis Hiyama Wachigai-so. Delicate herb, 



roots 1 or 2, thickened, fusiform; stems 1 or 2, often decum- 

 bent at base, 8-12 cm. long; leaves narrowly oblanceolate to 

 subspathulate, 10-25(-40) mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, acute or 

 subacute, glabrous except for a few soft hairs at base, the 

 upper leaves often ovate or narrowly so, short-petiolate, 15-30 

 mm. long, 7-12 mm. wide, abruptly acuminate to acute; flow- 

 ers 1 or 2 (-3), white, solitary in leaf axils, terminal, the pedi- 

 cels 2-3 cm. long, with a longitudinal series of short hairs; 

 sepals 5; petals 5, obovate, about 6 mm. long, rounded to ob- 

 tusely mucronate; cleistogamous flowers few, pedicelled, borne 



near the base. Apr.-June. Woods in the foothills; Honshu 



(Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. China and 



India. 



5. Pseudostellaria japonica (Korsh.) Pax. Kraschenin- 



nil{pvia japonica Korsh.; K. ciliata Honda Nambu-wachi- 



GAi-s6. Roots thickened, fusiform; stems erect, 15-20 cm. 

 long, with 2 longitudinal rows of short hairs; lower leaves few- 

 paired, nearly linear to lanceolate, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 2-3 mm. 

 wide, the upper leaves 4-paired, ovate or broadly so, 1.5-3 cm. 

 long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute to short-acuminate, rounded at base, 

 sessile, loosely pilose on both sides, rather long-pilose on 

 margin and on nerves beneath; flowers 1-3, terminal and axil- 

 lary, the pedicels about 15 mm. long, pubescent; sepals 5; 



petals obovate, 4-6 mm. long, white. Honshu (n. distr.). 



— — Manchuria. 



10. CERASTIUM L. Miminagusa Zoku 



Annuals, biennials or perennials usually more or less pubescent or tomentose; cymes terminal, leafy or bracteate; sepals 5, 

 rarely 4; petals 5, rarely 4, retuse to bifid, sometimes fimbriate or entire, white; stamens 10 or fewer; ovary 1-locular, many- 

 ovuled; styles 5 and opposite the sepals, rarely 3 or 4; capsules cylindrical, with twice as many teeth as the styles; seeds reniform- 

 orbicular or broadly obovate, slightly flattened. About 70 species, cosmopolitan, except lowlands of the Tropics. 



W. Petals bifid or fimbriate; teeth of capsules erect, with revolutc margins. 

 2A. Petals shorter to barely longer than the sepals; biennials or short-lived perennials. 



3A. Pedicels shorter than to as long as the sepals; sepals pale green; inflorescence small, densely flowered; biennial or annual. 



1. C. viscosum 

 3B. Pedicels at least some of them longer than the sepals; sepals often purplish on margin; inflorescence rather loose; short-lived 



perennials 2. C. vulgatum 



2B. Petals distinctly longer than the sepals; perennials. 



4 A. Seeds 1-1.2 mm. wide, mammillate; growing on rocks or in meadows near seashores 3. C. fischcrianum 



4B. Seeds less than 1 mm. wide, with low semirounded warts; plants of mountains. 



