Caryophyllaceae 



431 



Ohwi. S. undulata Thunb.; S. idiginosa sensu auct. Japon., 

 non Murr.; S. uUginosa var. undulata (Thunb.) Fenzl; S. ja- 



ponica Miq.; S. alsine var. phacnopetala Hand.-Mazz. 



NoMl-NO-FusuMA. Glabrous, usually glaucescent annual or 

 biennial; stems tufted, 5-20 cm. long; leaves oblong to broadly 

 lanceolate or elliptic, sometimes broadly oblanceolate, 8-13 

 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. wide, obtuse and mucronate or acute, 

 l-ner\-ed; inflorescence few-flowered, the bracts minute, white- 

 membranous, the pedicels 5-25 mm. long, deflexed in fruit; 

 sepals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 mm. long, 1-ribbed, 

 the lateral nerves obsolete; petals white, deeply 2-fid, slightly 

 longer than the sepals in the earlier flowers, absent in the later 

 ones; styles very short; capsules ellipsoidal, nearly as long as 

 the sepals; seeds reniform-orbicular, dark brown, about 0.5 

 mm. long, the superficial cells convex on the body, sinuate 

 on the margin. Apr.-Oct. Wet waste grounds and some- 

 times woods in foothills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku; com- 

 mon. China and Korea. The typical phase with smaller 



petals and longer styles occurs widely in temperate regions of 

 the N. Hemisphere. 



16. Stellaria humifusa Rottb. S. humijusa var. oblongi- 

 folia Fenzl Ezo-hakobe. Glabrous perennial; stems de- 

 cumbent and branched at base, 5-10 cm. long; leaves narrowly 

 oblong to ellipdc or broadly lanceolate, slighdy fleshy, 10-15 

 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm. wide, acute to subobtuse, obsoletely 1- 

 nerved; flowers axillary, the pedicels 1-3 cm. long; sepals 

 narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, 4-5 mm. long, acute, 

 weakly 3-nerved; petals white, slightly longer than the sepals, 

 deeply bifid; capsules slightly shorter than the sepals, ovoid; 



seeds about 0.8 mm. long, nearly smooth. July-Aug. Wet 



sandy beaches; Hokkaido (e. distr.). Cooler regions of the 



N. Hemisphere. 



17. Stellaria calycantha (Ledeb.) Bong. Arenaria caly- 

 cantlia Ledeb.; S. yezoalpina Nakai K.\nchi-y.'\chi-hakobe. 



Tufted, essentially glabrous perennial herb; stems 5-15 cm. 

 long, branched and decumbent at base; leaves narrowly oblong 

 to broadly lanceolate, acute, 5-15 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; 

 flowers solitary, axillary, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long; sepals 

 broadly lanceolate, acute, weakly 3-ncrved, 2-3 mm. long; 



petals absent; seeds nearly smooth. Wet places in alpine 



regions; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. Kam- 

 chatka, n. Kuriles, N. America, and N. Europe. 



18. Stellaria monosperma Hamilt. var. japonica 

 Maxim. 5. panicuUgera Makino O-y.^ma-h-^kobe. Per- 

 ennial; stems suberect, branched, 40-80 cm. long, with a longi- 

 tudinal line of hairs; leaves oblong to broadly lanceolate or 

 broadly oblanceolate, 4-12 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, glabres- 

 cent, short-peuoled or subsessile, acuminate, acute at base; in- 

 florescence loose, the pedicels 3-12 mm. long, short-glandular, 

 the bracts small, foliaceous; sepals membranous, lanceolate, 

 acuminate, short glandular-hairy, 3.5-5 mm. long; petals 

 shorter than the sepals, bifid, white; capsules ovoid-globose, 

 2.5-3 mm. long, membranous, indehiscent; seeds solitary, about 



2.5 mm. across, nearly smooth. Aug.-Oct. Woods in 



mountains; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. The typical phase occurs from China to India. 



19. Stellaria radians L. Ezo-6-yama-hakobe. Rather 

 loosely appressed, silky-pubescent perennial; stems erect, 50-80 

 cm. long, mostly simple or sparsely branched; leaves lanceo- 

 late to oblanceolate, 6-12 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, short- 

 acuminate, acute at base, subsessile, the lateral nerves rather 

 distinct; cymes relatively large, loose, die pedicels 1-3 cm. 

 long, deflexed in fruit, the bracts foliaceous; sepals ovate or 

 narrowly so, subobtuse, 6-8 mm. long, 1-nerved; petals broadly 



obovate, 8-10 mm. long, laciniate. July-Aug. Meadows in 



lowlands; Hokkaido. Kuriles, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Man- 

 churia and e. Siberia. 



12. DIANTHUS L. Nadeshiko Zoku 



Perennial herbs or rarely subshrubs; leaves flat, mostly linear; inflorescence cymose, paniculate or sometimes fasciculate: 

 flowers solitary, red, rose, rarely white or yellowish; calyx tubular, 5-toothed, parallel-veined, subtended by 2 to many bracts; petals 

 5, the claw slender, the limb toothed or laciniate, rarely entire, hairy above or glabrous; stamens 10; gynophore often stipelike; 



ovary 1-locular, the styles 2; capsules cylindric or ovoid, 4-toodied or -valved; seeds discoid, flat, peltately attached. About 



100 species, in Europe, Asia, N. Africa, and n. N. America. 



lA. Petals toothed on upper margin; inflorescence a dense many-flowered cyme; leaves deep green, elliptic to lanceolate or spathulate, the 

 upper bracts often elongate. 

 2A. Innovation-shoots slightly elongate, with a tuft of leaves at top; cauline leaves spathulate to elliptic, usually obtuse; stems glabrous. 



3A. Inflorescence dense, many-flowered; stems 20-50 cm. long, erect from the base \. D. japonicus 



3B. Inflorescence loose, few-flowered; stems 15-30 cm. long, often decumbent at base 2. D. I^iusianus 



2B. Innovation-shoots not elongate; cauline leaves lanceolate or narrowly so, acute to acuminate; stems often with short papillose hairs 



below the nodes 3. D. shinanensis 



IB. Petals finely laciniate on upper margin; inflorescence loosely I- to 8-flowered; leaves glaucous, linear to narrowly lanceolate, the 

 upper bracts short and broad 4. D. superbtis 



1. Dianthus japonicus Thunb. D. nipponicus Makino; 6-7 mm. long, rose or rose-purple, toothed on upper margin; 



D. ellipticiis Turcz.; D. barbatus var. japonicus (Thunb.) capsules slighdy exserted beyond the calyx-tube; seeds about 2 



Yatabe Fuji-nadeshiko, Ham.\-nadeshiko. Stout gla- mm. long, black, punctate-scabrous. July-Oct. Hokkaido 



brous perennial; stems erect, ascending from the base, 20-50 (,?), Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and China. 



cm. long, terete; radical leaves oblanccolate-oblong, papillose 2. Dianthus kiusianus Makino. D. hachijoensis Nakai 



on margin, gradually narrowed below to a short petiole, the Hime-hama-nadeshiko. Resembling the preceding spc- 



cauline leaves rather thick, sessile or nearly so, narrowly ovate cies but smaller; stems often decumbent at the base, 15-30 cm. 



to oblong or narrowly so, 4-8 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse long; cauline leaves narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 1-4 cm. 



to rounded or subacute, lustrous above; inflorescence densely long, 4-12 mm. wide, rounded to obtuse, mucronate; flowers 



many-flowered, rather flat-topped, the bracts elliptic, long- few, loosely racemose, the bracts elliptic, subulate at apex; 



caudate; calyx-tube 1.5-2 cm. long; petal-limb obtusely deltoid, calyx-tube 15-20 mm. long, die teeth nearly awn-tipped; petals 



