432 



Caryophyllaceae 



rose-purple, about 10 mm. long, obtusely triangular, toothed on 

 upper margin. June-Oct. Near the sea; Kyushu. 



3. Dianthus shinanensis (Yatabe) Makino. D. barbatus 



var. shinanensis Yatabe; D. ta\enal{ae Honda Shina-no- 



NADESHiKO, MiYAMA-NADESHiKo. Perennial herb; stems erect, 

 20-40 cm. long, rather stout, often with short papilloselike 

 hairs below the nodes; cauline leaves linear-lanceolate to 

 broadly lanceolate, 3-6 cm. long, 3-8 mm. wide, deep green, 

 glabrous, papillose on margin, acuminate to acute, narrowed 

 below to a short petiole; inflorescence densely flat-topped, the 

 bracts oblong, long-linear to subulate-appendaged; calyx-tube 

 1.5-2 cm. long; petals rose-purple, obtusely triangular, 7-9 mm. 

 long, scattered-pubescent on the inside near base; capsules 



slightly exceeding the calyx; seeds about 2 mm. long. July- 



Aug. Valleys and ravines in mountains; Honshu (centr. 

 distr.). 



4. Dianthus superbus L. Ezo-kawara-nadeshiko. 

 Stems 30-50 cm. long, erect, often branching at base, glabrous; 

 leaves broadly linear, narrowly oblanceolate or linear-lanceo- 

 late, 4-7 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide, papillose on margin, acumi- 

 nate, glaucous, shortly clasping at base; flowers 3-8, pale rose 

 or rarely white, the bracts 2-paired, the lower pair rarely be- 



coming larger, concealing the upper ones; calyx-tube 2-3 cm. 

 long, 2-3 times as long as the upper bracts; petal limb 2-2.5 

 cm. long, broadly obovate, deeply laciniate, hairy at base above. 



June-Sept. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and 



n. distr.) . Europe, Siberia, Manchuria, and Sakhalin. 



Var. speciosus Reichenb. D. superbus var. monticola Ma- 

 kino Takane-nadeshiko. Dwarf alpine phase. Hon- 

 shu (centr. distr. and northw.), Hokkaido. 



Var. longicalycinus (Maxim.) Williams. D. superbus 

 forma longicalycinus Maxim.; D. oreadum Hance; D. longi- 



calyx Miq. Kawara-nadeshiko, Nadeshiko. Stems 30-80 



cm. long; bracts 3- to 4-paired, the upper ones somewhat larger, 

 short-cuspidate; calyx-tube 2.5^ cm. long, rather slender, 3-4 



times as long as the upper bracts. July-Oct. Meadows, 



lowlands and mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. For- 

 mosa, Korea, and China. 



Dianthus chinensis L. Sekichiku. Plant with long- 

 cuspidate bracts and white to deep red laciniate petals. 



Cultivated. China and Korea. 



Dianthus barbatus L. Amerika-nadeshiko. Frequently 



cultivated in our gardens. Europe to Siberia, Manchuria, 



and China. 



13. CUCUBALUS L. Namban-hakobe Zoku 



Short-pilose perennials; stems elongate, branched; leaves ovate; inflorescence paniculate, loose, the flowers solitary, terminal; 

 calyx at anthesis nearly cylindric, accrescent, cup-shaped in fruit with recurved upper margin, 10-nerved, 5-fid; petals 5, white, 

 long-clawed, the limb bifid, with 2 small scales inside at base; stamens 10; receptacle stipelike; ovary 1-locular, many-ovuled; 



styles 3, slender; capsules globose, slightly fleshy and berry like; seeds black, lustrous. One variable species, in the temperate 



regions of the Old World. 



1. Cucubalus baccifer L. var. japonicus Miq. Nam- 

 ban-hakobe. Stems much elongate and branched, more 

 than 1 m. long; leaves ovate to narrowly so, 2-5 cm. long, 7-20 

 mm. wide, acuminate, abruptly short-petiolate, nearly glabrous 

 above, short-pilose beneath especially on the nerves, ciliolate, 

 the petioles 1-4 mm. long; calyx 10-12 mm. long, green, ac- 

 crescent, nearly glabrous, the lobes narrowly ovate, acute; 



petals about 15 mm. long, the limb cuneate, bifid, as long as 

 the claw; capsules globose, about 8 mm. across, the gynophore 



2.5-3 mm. long; seeds about 1.3 mm. long. July-Oct. 



Thickets in mountains and foothills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; rather common. ^Korea, Manchuria, s. 



Kuriles, and Sakhalin. 



14. LYCHNIS L. Senno Zoku 



Perennial herbs with flat leaves; calyx slighriy inflated, clavate, ovoid or tubular, 5-toothed, 10-nerved; petals 5, clawed below, 

 the limb variously toothed or lobcd, rarely entire, with 2 small scales inside at base; stamens 10; styles 5, opposite the calyx- 

 teeth, rarely 4 or 5; ovules many; capsules often short-stiped, with as many teeth or lobes as the styles; seeds often mbercled. 

 Thirty to forty species, in the temperate or cold regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Flowers white; pedicels often longer than the calyx; calyx 7-12 mm. long I. L. gracillima 



IB. Flowers vermilion or deep red, rarely white; pedicels short, nearly as long as the calyx or shorter, sometimes nearly absent; calyx 15-30 

 mm. long. 



2A. Petals entire; flowers vermilion 2. L. miqueliana 



2B. Petals toothed or laciniate. 



3A. Bracts ascending, linear to lanceolate, 5-10 mm. long, 1-2 mm. wide; limb of petals laciniate. 



4A. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, 5-10 mm. wide; flowers light red 3. L. l^iusiana 



4B. Leaves ovate to narrowly so, 1-3 cm. wide; flowers deep red. 



5A. Calyx 15-18 mm. long 4. L. wilfordii 



5B. Calyx 25-30 mm. long 5. L. senno 



3B. Bracts appressed to the calyx, lanceolate to broadly so, 1-1.5 cm. long, 5-7 mm. wide; limb of petals toothed. 



6A. Petals deeply bifid, the lobes narrowly oblong; flowers deep red; calyx 15-17 mm. long 6. L. fulgens 



6B. Petals unlobed or very shallowly 2-lobed. 



7A. Plant glabrous; flowers yellowish red; claw of petals longer than the calyx 7. L. coronata 



7B. Plant pubescent; flowers deep red, rarely white; claw of petals not exceeding the calyx 8. L. sieboldii 



1. Lychnis gracillima (Rohrb.) Makino. Silene gracil- cm. long, rather slender, scattered white-pubescent; leaves thin, 



lima Rohrb.; L. stellarioides Maxim.; L. ugoensis Makino lanceolate or broadly so, 5-13 cm. long, 1-3.5 cm. wide, sessile, 



Senju-gampi, Shirane-gampi. Caudex short; stems 40-100 nearly glabrous, long-acuminate, slightly narrowed below; in- 



