434 



Caryophyllaceae 



1. Melandrium apetalum (L.) Fenzl. Lychnis apetala 



L.; M. apetalum forma o\adae Makino Takane-mantema. 



Tufted perennial with stout rhizomes; stems 10-20 cm. long, 

 pubescent, with 2-4 pairs of leaves; radical and cauline leaves 

 narrowly lanceolate, 3-8 cm. long, 2-10 mm. wide, short- 

 pubescent especially on margin, acuminate, 1-nerved, gradually 

 narrowed to the somewhat clasping base; flowers solitary, 

 terminal; calyx narrowly tubular-ovoid in anthesis becoming 

 ovoid in fruit, 12-15 mm. long, 5-toodied, 10-nerved, black- 

 ened on nerves, white-pubescent; limb of the petals about 2 

 mm. long, slightly retuse; capsules narrowly ovoid, 5- to 6- 

 toothed, the teeth bidentate; seeds flat, red-brown, broadly 



winged, smooth, about 2 mm. across inclusive of the wing. 



July-Aug. Alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. distr.); rare. 



N. Europe and Siberia to the Kuriles and N. America. 



2. Melandrium apricum (Turcz.) Rohrb. Silene aprica 

 Turcz. HiME-KE-FusHiGURo. Densely gray-puberulent bi- 

 ennial; stems 20-50 cm. long; leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceo- 

 late or oblanceolate, sometimes narrowly obovate, 2-8 cm. long, 

 2-15 mm. wide, acute; inflorescence bracts herbaceous, the 

 pedicels 5-30 mm. long; calyx narrowly ovoid in anthesis, 

 ovoid in fruit, 8-10 mm. long, 5-toothed; limb of petals about 

 2 mm. long, retuse, pale rose; capsules ovoid, 6-8 mm. long, 

 very short-stipitate, shallowly 6-lobed; styles 3; seeds reniform, 

 about 0.5 mm. across, with rather small elongate tubercles on 

 margin. ^May-Aug. Honshu (w. distr.), Kyushu. Ko- 

 rea, n. China, and e. Siberia. 



3. Melandrium firmum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Rohrb. Silene 

 jirma Sieb. & Zucc; S. melandryjormis Maxim.; M. apricum 



var. -firmum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Rohrb. Fushiguro. Erect 



biennial; stems glabrous, 30-80 cm. long; leaves oblong or 

 ovate, sometimes broadly lanceolate, 3-10 cm. long, 1-3 cm. 

 wide, short-acuminate, narrowed at base, ciliate, often loosely 

 pubescent on both sides; cymes terminal and axillary, the 

 bracts often membranous, the pedicels glabrous, 1-3 cm. long; 

 flowers erect; calyx ovoid, glabrous or nearly so, 7-10 mm. 

 long, 10-nerved; limb of the petals 2-3 mm. long, white, 2- 



lobed; capsules ovoid, 7-8 mm. long, short-stipitate; seeds 



reniform, about 0.6 mm. long, small-tubercled. June-Sept. 



Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Forma pubescens 



(Makino) Makino. M. firmum var. pubescens (Makino) Ma- 

 kino; M. apricum var. firmum forma pubescens Makino 



Ke-fushiguro. Plant pubescent. e. Siberia, China, Korea, 



and Ryukyus. 



4. Melandrium keiskei (Miq.) Ohwi. Silene \eiskei 



Miq.; S. maximowicziana Rohrb. O-biranji. Perennial 



herb with short, stout, branched rhizomes; stems tufted, slen- 

 der, mostly erect or ascending, sometimes decumbent, nearly 

 glabrous or slightly short-pubescent; leaves lanceolate or nar- 

 rowly so, acuminate, sessile, 1.5-6 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, 

 glabrescent; cymes loosely few-flowered; calyx tubular, 10-13 

 mm. long, glabrous or nearly so, subtruncate at base; limb of 

 petals 10-15 mm. long, obovate, bifid; capsules oblong; seeds 

 flat, reniform, about 1 mm. across, with cylindric hairlike 

 tubercles. July-Sept. Mountains; Honshu (centr. distr.). 



Var. minus (Takeda) Takeda. Silene \eis\ei forma minor 



Takeda Biranji. Soft hairy on leaves, pedicels, and 



calyx. Honshu (Kanto and centr. distr.). 



Var. akaisialpinum Yamazaki. Takane-biranji. Tufted; 

 stems low; flowers 1-2, rose-colored, large, 3-4 cm. across, the 



pedicels and calyx short-hairy. Alpine; Honshu (centr. 



distr.). 



5. Melandrium yanoei (Makino) Williams. Silene 

 yanoei Makino Tebako-mantema. Somewhat tufted per- 

 ennial; stems erect, 20-40 cm. long, short-pubescent above; 

 leaves ovate to narrowly so, 2-4 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, 

 rather long-acuminate, nearly glabrous, slightly scabrous on 

 margin, sessile or short-petioled; cymes 1- to few-flowered, 

 loose, the pedicels slender, often with a pair of small linear 

 bractlike leaves; calyx campanulate, glabrous, green, 6-7 mm. 

 long, 5-lobed to the middle; limb of petals cuneate, 6-7 mm. 

 long, white, bifid; capsules ovoid; styles 3; seeds reniform, 

 about 1 mm. across, with diminutive tubercles. Aug. Shi- 

 koku; rare. 



16. SILENE L. Mantema Zoku 



Annuals, biennials, or perennials, rarely suffrutescent; leaves flat; inflorescence cymose; flowers white, rose or rose-purple; 

 calyx tubular, ovoid or campanulate, 5-toothed, 10- or more-nerved; petals 5, the claw rather long, the limb usually bifid, with 

 2 small scales inside at base; stamens 10; styles 3(-5) ; ovary 1-locular, 3- to 5-septate at base; capsules ovoid or oblong, the teeth twice 

 as many as the styles. About 200 species. 



lA. Biennial; petals white to rose-purple, the limb subentire; calyx ovoid in fruit 1. S. gallica 



IB. Perennial; petals pale rose or white, the limb bifid; calyx obovoid or clavate in fruit. 



2A. Stems with tufts of short leaves at the nodes; calyx glabrous, 6-7 mm. long; limb of petals white, deeply bifid; stamens nearly as 



long as the petals, long-exserted 2. 5. foliosa 



2B. Stems without tufts of leaves at the nodes; calyx pubescent, 12-15 mm. long; limb of petals pale rose to white, shallowly bifid; 

 stamens shorter than the petals, only slightly exserted 3. 5. repens 



1. Silene gallica L. S. anglica L. Shirobana-man- tubercles. May-July. Naturalized in Honshu. Intro- 



tema. Biennial with coarse spreading hairs; stems erect, duced from Europe. 



30-50 cm. long, often branched at base; leaves oblanceolate to Var. quinquevulnera (L.) Rohrb. S. quinquevulnera L. 



broadly so, 2-4 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, acute to rounded, Mantema. Limb of petals with a large dark red-purple 



mucronate, sessile above, the radical ones subpetioled; flowers blotch, the scales lanceolate, acute. Waste ground, along 



solitary in axils, forming a terminal bracteate spikelike raceme, railroads and sandy beaches; naturalized in Honshu, Shikoku, 



the pedicels 1-8 mm. long; calyx toothed, inflated after anthe- Kyushu; common. Introduced from Europe. 



sis, ovoid, 8-10 mm. long, puberulent and pilose; limb of 2. Silene foliosa Maxim. Ezo-mantema. Perennial 



petals 3^ mm. long, white, with 2 small oblong obtuse scales herb; stems tufted, erect, 20-40 cm. long, shortly recurved- 



inside at base; capsules ovoid; seeds reniform, black, about 0.8 hairy, thickened on nodes; leaves at base rosulate, petiolate, 



mm. across, with slightly raised concentric lines and minute narrowly oblanceolate, 5-7 cm. long, 4-8 mm. wide, acute. 



