438 



Nymphaeaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Trochodendraceae; Eupteleaceae 



cous petals many, inferior, early deciduous; stamens numerous, the anthers introrse, the connective with a clavate appendage; 

 carpels many, free, embedded in the flat-topped spongy receptacle; style short, the stigma terminal; ovules 1 or 2, pendulous; 



nut ellipsoidal, the pericarp hard, without endosperm; cotyledons thickened. Two species, one in N. America, another in 



Australia and e. Asia. 



1. Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Klymphaea nelumbo L.; 

 Nelumbo nelumbo (L.) Karst.; Nelumbium speciosum Willd.; 

 Nelumbium nelumbo (L.) Druce Hasu. Large, glau- 

 cous, perennial herb; leaves depressed-orbicular, 20-50 cm. 

 across, slightly retuse, the petioles and peduncles with short 

 fleshy prickles; flowers 15-20 cm. across, deep pink or some- 

 times white; sepals caducous, green; petals obovate, obtuse. 



nervulose, 8-12 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide; anthers linear, yellow, 

 15-20 mm. long, the filaments linear, 7-25 mm. long; recepta- 

 cle spongy, in fruit to 10 cm. high and as wide, flat, the seeds 



embedded within; nuts ellipsoidal, about 20 mm. long. 



July-Aug. Much planted in ponds and shallow lakes, with 

 several cultivated races. India, China, Iran, and Australia. 



Fam. 86. CERATOPHYLLACEAE Matsu-mo Ka Hornwort Family 



Slender submersed monoecious or dioecious aquatic herbs; stems slender, elongate, branching; leaves dichotomously forked 

 into filiform, slightly and obsoletely toothed segments; flowers unisexual, solitary in axils, sessile, the involucral bracts multifid, 

 the segments entire or toothed, linear, the perianth absent; staminate flowers with 10-20 stamens, the anthers nearly sessile, 

 extrorse, the connective ending in a thickened appendage; pistillate flowers with a single superior ovary, the ovules orthotropous, 

 pendulous, the styles filiform, the stigma terminal; fruit an achene, the embryo of 4 verticillate cotyledons, without endosperm. 

 A single genus of 2 or 3 species, widely distributed in fresh waters of the world. 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Matsu-mo Zoku 



Characters of the family. 



1. Ceratophyllum demersum L. Matsu-mo, Kingyo- 

 Mo. Dark green fragile aquatic herb; stems 20-100 cm. 

 long, branched, slender; leaves verticillate, in 5's to 12's, sessile, 

 1.5-2.5 cm. long, much-divided, the ultimate segments filiform, 

 with scattered minute spiny 'teeth; anthers oblong; achenes 

 narrowly ovoid, sessile, 4-5 mm. long, with 2 spines near base; 

 style persistent, spinelike, often longer than the body. June- 



July. Ponds, lakes, and shallow ditches; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku, Kyushu; common. Cosmopolitan. 



Var. quadrispinum Makino. C. oryzetorum Komar.; C. 

 pentacanthum Hayata, non Haynald; C. demersum var. penta- 



corne Kitag. Yotsubari-kingyo-mo. Achenes with 2 



pairs of spines, one near base, the other on the shoulder. 



Honshu, Kyushu. Manchuria, Ussuri, China, and Formosa. 



Fam. 87. TROCHODENDRACEAE Yamaguruma Ka Trochodendron Family 



Evergreen trees; leaves alternate, petiolate, rhombic-obovate to narrowly obovate, coriaceous, undulate toothed, penninerved; 

 stipules absent; inflorescence racemose, terminal; flowers small, bisexual, the perianth absent; stamens many, the filaments 

 filiform, the anthers elliptic; carpels 5-10, united at base, many-ovuled; styles short, recurved in fruit; stigma narrowly oblong; 

 fruit partially sunken in the receptacle, dehiscent along the inner carpel margins; seeds linear. A single genus and species. 



1. TROCHODENDRON Sieb. & Zucc. Yamaguruma Zoku 



Characters of the family. 



1. Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc. Yama- 

 guruma. Glabrous tree with rather stout branches, the 

 branchlets greenish; leaves usually crowded at the ends of 

 branchlets, broadly to narrowly obovate, rhombic-obovate, 

 6-12 cm. long, 2-7 cm. wide, obtuse, subcuneate at base, deep 

 green and lustrous above, slightly paler beneath; inflorescence 

 short-pedunculate, 7-12 cm. long; flowers 10-20, 10-12 mm. 

 across, the pedicels 2-A cm. long; anthers 1.2-1.7 mm. long; 



styles persistent; fruit depressed-globose, 7-10 mm. across; 

 seeds linear, 4-6 mm. long. May-June. Mountains; Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Formosa and s. Korea. ^Forma 



longifolium (Maxim.) Ohwi. T. aralioides var. longijolium 



Maxim. Nagaba-no-yamaguruma. Phase with narrower, 



broadly oblanceolate leaves, often passing into the typical 

 phase. Occurs with the typical phase. 



Fam. 88. EUPTELEACEAE Fusazakura Ka Euptelea Family 



Large deciduous nearly glabrous tree; leaves petiolate, alternate, depressed-orbicular, penninerved, irregularly acute-toothed; 

 stipules absent; flowers before the leaves, bisexual, short-pedicelled, the perianth absent; stamens many, pendulous on capillary 

 filaments; carpels rather many, 1- to 4-ovuled; stigma sessile, broadly linear, decurrent inside; fruit stipitate, indehiscent, wing- 

 margined; seeds 1-4, pendulous on the inner angle of the locule. A single genus with perhaps 2 species, in e. Asia. 



