Ranunculaceae 451 



lA. Inflorescence paniculate or racemose, more or less pyramidal; flowers usually green or yellow-grccn, rarely purplish; anther-connec- 

 tive mucronate; filaments filiform, narrower than the anthers. 

 2A. Inflorescence racemose, loosely about 10-flowered; stems 10-15 cm. long, naked or with a single cauline leaf. 



1 . T. alpintim var. slipitatum 

 2B. Inflorescence paniculate, many-flowered; stems 20-150 cm. long, more or less distinctly leafy. 

 3A. Achenes 2-6, sessile; sepals small, caducous; flowers greenish yellow to pale yellow. 



4A. Stems usually prominently ridged, simple, erect, scarcely branched; leaves once to twice pinnately ternate, rather longer than 



broad 2. T. simplex var. brevipcs 



4B. Stems striate or nearly terete, often flexuous; leaves 2- to 3-ternate, nearly as broad as long. 



5A. Stems rather flexuous; nerves and veinlets of leaflets prominently impressed above, raised beneath; stigma lanceolate-del- 

 toid, acute; stipels absent 3. T. foetidum var. glabrrscens 



5B. Stems nearly erect; nerves and veinlets of leaflets not prominently raised beneath, nearly flat above; stigma ovate-deltoid; 



stipels often present 4. T. minus 



33. Achenes 8-20, short-stipitate; sepals rather prominent, deciduous after anthesis; flowers purplish 5. T. rochebninianum 



IB. Inflorescence corymbose, with a flat or only slightly convex top; flowers white or rose-colored; anther-connectives not mucronate; fila- 

 ments broadened above and clavate, as broad as or broader than the anther. 



6A. Achenes 3- to 4-winged, distinctly stipitate 6. T. aquilegijolium 



6B. Achenes laterally flattened or scarcely so, not winged. 



7A. Achenes sessile or very short-stipitate, not flattened; stems 30-100 cm. long, many-leaved. 



8A. Achenes sessile; stems 30-60 cm. long, rather firm, slightly flexuous below 7. T. actaejoUtim 



8B. Achenes very short-stipitate; stems 50-100 cm. long. 



9A. Stipules prominently lacerate on margin; stipels absent; achenes with 3 or 4 longitudinal nerves on each side; styles scarcely 



hooked at apex 8. T. baicalense 



9B. Stipules obsoletely toothed or subentire; stipels present at base of primary division of leaves; achenes with 3 or 4 raised 



ribs on each side; style slender, prominently hooked at apex 9. T. sachalinense 



7B. Achenes distinctly stipitate, flattened laterally, with 1-4 slender longitudinal nerves on each side; stems 10-70 cm. long, slender 

 or delicate, 1-2 (-3) -leaved. 

 lOA. Style including the stigma thick, beaklike, 0.3-1.5 mm. long, straight or slightly recurved, not flexuous, much shorter than 

 the body of the achene. 

 IIA. Beak of achene very short, about 0.5 mm. long; filaments usually much-dilated above. 



12A. Achenes about 3 mm. long; radical leaves usually much shorter than the stem; leaflets ovate to oblong, rarely rhombic, 



shallowly cordate to rounded at base; stipes rather short 10. T. filameiitosum 



12B. Achenes about 2 mm. long; radical leaves nearly as long as the stem; leaflets rhombic-elliptic, usually cuncate at base; 



stipes elongate 1 1. T. microspermum 



IIB. Beak of achene rather elongate, about 1 mm. long; filaments usually gradually and slightly dilated above. 



13A. Leaflets linear-lanceolate to linear-oblong, usually entire or sometimes few-toothed 12. T. integrilobum 



13B. Leaflets orbicular to rhombic-elliptic, few-toothed on upper margin. 



14A. Leaflets rhombic-elliptic to orbicular-rhombic, broadly cuneate to truncate at base; flowers few to many; achenes 



oblong-Ianceolate, with a straight beak 1-1.2 mm. long 13. T. watanabei 



14B. Leaflets orbicular to orbicular-elliptic, shallowly cordate to rounded at base; flowers few; achenes broadly oblanceolate, 



with a slighdy recurved beak 0.7-1 mm. long 14. T. nakamurae 



lOB. Style including the stigma slender, flexuous, about 2 mm. long, as long as the body of the achene 15. T. toyamae 



1. Thalictrum alpinum L. var. stipitatum Yabe. T. ones once to twice ternate-pinnate, short-petiolate or sessile, 



nipponoalpintim Honda Hime-kar.'^matsu. Small gla- the stipules minutely toothed, the stipels sometimes developed 



brous perennial herb with short-branched, creeping rhizomes; on the lower portion, the leaflets cuneate to narrowly obovate 



radical leaves petiolate, 2-3 times ternate-pinnate, 3-5 cm. long, or lanceolate, 2-4 cm. long, 4-5 mm. wide, acute to acuminate, 



deltoid in outline, exstipellate, the leaflets 2- to 3-lobed, petiol- sometimes 2- to 3-lobed; panicle large, narrowly ovoid, the 



ulate or sessile, orbicular to cuneate-obovate, 2-3 mm. long and pedicels short; flowers pale greenish yellow or pale yellow; 



as wide, slightly recurved on margin, the lobes rounded to sepals about 3 mm. long, about 3-nerved; anthers 1.5-2 mm. 



very obtuse, entire or 2- to 3-lobulate; stems 10-15 cm. long, long, mucronate; achenes 2-6, sessile, scarcely compressed, 



1-leaved or leafless, erect, nodding above; racemes occupying ellipsoidal, about 3 mm. long, with 8-10 raised longitudinal 



1/2-2/3 of the entire stem, loosely about 10-flowered, the ribs; style very short, the stigma ovate. June-Aug. Grassy 



bracts small, the pedicels recurved, 1-4 cm. long; flowers places in lowlands along rivers; Honshu, Kyu,shu. Korea, 



small, pale greenish yellow; sepals 4, narrowly oblong, 2.5-3 Manchuria, China, and e. Asia. The species occurs across 



mm. long, 3-nerved; anthers linear, about 2 mm. long, mucro- northern Asia to Europe. 



nate; achenes 3-5, subobovate, about 3 mm. long, short-stipi- 3. Thalictrum foetidum L. var. glabrescens Takeda. 



tate; style very short, the stigma deltoid, puberulous. July- T. foetidum sensu auct. Japon., non L.; T. yesocnsc Nakai 



Aug. Rather dry alpine slopes; Honshu (centr. distr.); very Chabo-kar.\matsu. Minutely glandular-puberulcnt to nearly 



rare. China (?) and Himalayas (?). The species is widely glabrous perennial; stems 15-40 cm. long, slighdy flexuous 



distributed tiiroughout northern regions and mountainous toward base, branched above; lower leaves petiolate, 3-6 times 



areas of the N. Hemisphere. ternate, 5-15 cm. long and as wide, the stipules undulately 



2. Thalictrum simplex L. var. brevipes Hara. T. sim- toothed or subentire, exstipellate, the leaflets broadly obovate- 

 p}cx auct. Japon., non L.; T. afjine auct Japon., non Ledeb.; cuneate, ovate or depresscd-ovatc, 3-7(-10) mm. long, 3-8 



r. simplex var. affine auct. Japon., non Kegel No-kara- mm. wide, green above, glaucous beneath, 2- to 3-lobed, often 



MATsu. Erect, glabrous perennial herb 60-100 cm. high; 2- to 3-toothed, the nerves and veinlets prominently impressed 



stems prominently acute-angled; lower leaves twice, the upper above, elevated beneath, the upper leaves smaller and sessile; 



