452 



Ranunculaceae 



inflorescence loose, the pedicels 2-5 cm. long; anthers broadly 

 linear, 2-2.5 mm. long, mucronate; achenes 2-4, sessile, about 

 3 mm. long, few-ribbed on each side, slighdy compressed 

 laterally, the style very short, the stigma lanceolate-deltoid. 



May-July. Rocky cliffs near the sea and in mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (Rikuchu Prov.). The species occurs 



across northern Asia to Europe. 



4. Thalictnim minus L. var. stipellatum (C. A. Mey.) 

 Tamura. T. kemense Fries; T. kemense var. stipellatum C. A. 

 Mey. ex Maxim.; T. minus sensu auct. Japon., non L.; T. 

 minus var. pseudosimplex H. Boiss.; T. simplex var. divari- 



catum Huth; T. chionophyllum Nakai O-karamatsu. 



Mosdy glabrous perennial 30-100 cm. high; stems usually 

 striate, leafy; lower leaves rather large, short-petiolate or ses- 

 sile, 2-4 times ternate, the stipules undulately toothed, usually 

 stipellate, the leaflets oblong, obovate or flabellate-obovate, 1-3 

 cm. long, 8-20 mm. wide, rounded to sometimes cordate, 2- to 

 3-lobed, green above, glaucous beneath; panicles rather large; 

 flowers yellowish green, the pedicels usually rather long; sepals 

 caducous, 3-nerved, oblong; anthers broadly linear, about 3 

 mm. long, mucronate; achenes 2-6, narrowly obovate, about 

 3 mm. long, sessile, few-nerved on each side, the style very 

 short, the stigma ovate-deltoid. July-Sept. Hills and moun- 

 tains; Hokkaido, Honshu; very variable. ^Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



Korea, Manchuria, China, Siberia to Europe, and N. America. 



Var. hypoleucum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. T. hypoleucum 

 Sieb. & Zucc; T. thunbergii DC; T. thunbergii var. hypo- 

 leucum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Nakai; T. minus var. elatum sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Lecoyer; T. minus var. ma]us Miq.; T. yama- 



motoi Honda Aki-karamatsu. Panicles looser and larger; 



pedicels short; anthers slightly shorter and the stigma nar- 

 rower. A more southern variety occurring widely in Hok- 

 kaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. s. Kuriles, Sakhalin, 



Korea, Manchuria, Amami-oshima, and China. 



5. Thalictnim rochebrunianum Fr. & Sav. Shikin- 

 KARAMATsu. Glabrous perennial; stems erect, slightly 

 branched above, 70-100 cm. long, striate; leaves deltoid in out- 

 line, petiolate, 3^ times ternate, the upper ones sessile, the 

 stipules subentire, the stipels absent, the leaflets obovate to 

 elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, 2-3 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, 

 rounded to cordate at base, often 2- to 3-lobed; panicles some- 

 times branched below, large, the pedicels 1-2 cm. long, nod- 

 ding above, the bracts obcordate, small; flowers pale purple, 

 the sepals rather large, elliptic, deciduous after anthesis, 6-8 

 mm. long; anthers lanceolate, yellow, about 1.2 mm. long, 

 short-mucronate; achenes about 4 mm. long, 8-20, narrowly 

 oblong, with several prominent longitudinal ribs, the stipe 



1-1.5 mm. long; style very short, the stigma small, ovate. 



July-Aug. Grassy places in highlands; Honshu (centr. distr.) ; 

 rather rare. 



6. Thalictnim aquilegifolium L. T. contortum L.; T. 

 rubellum Sieb. & Zucc; T. aquilegifolium var. sibiricum Regel 

 & Tiling; T. aquilegifolium vars. asiaticum Nakai, var. inter- 

 medium Nakai, and var. japonicum Nakai; T. mitsino\uense 

 Koidz.; T. daisenense Nakai; T. nipponense Huth; T. ano- 



malum Lev. & Van't.; T. taquetii Lev. Karamatsu-s6. 



glabrous, more or less glaucescent perennial herb; stems erect, 

 rather stout, 50-120 cm. high, slighdy striate, leafy; leaves 3-4 

 times ternate, the lower petiolate, the upper sessile; stipules 

 membranous, nearly entire, reflexed, the stipels smaller, the 

 leaflets obovate to cordate-orbicular, 1.5-3.5 cm. long, 1-3 

 cm. wide, often 3-lobed, obtuse; panicles densely rather many- 



flowered, flat-topped; flowers white or sometimes slightly red- 

 dish; sepals elliptic, about 3-4 mm. long, 5- to 7-nerved, cadu- 

 cous; stamens many, about 10 mm. long, the filaments dilated 

 above, white, the anthers whitish yellow, broadly linear, 1-1.2 

 mm. long; achenes 5-10, pendulous, 6-8 mm. long, 3- to 4- 

 winged, broadly obovate to elliptic, the stipe 4-5 mm. long; 

 style and stigma short. July-Sept. Grassy places in high- 

 lands and alpine meadows; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu; more common northward. Cooler regions of the N. 



Hemisphere. 



7. Thalictnim acteaefolium Sieb. & Zucc. Shigin-kara- 

 MATsu. Glabrous perennial with thick fibrous roots; stems 

 30-70 cm. long, striate, somewhat flexuous; leaves deltoid in 

 outline, 2 or 3 times ternate, often aggregated toward the 

 lower portion of stem, petiolate, the upper ones smaller and 

 sessile, the stipules narrow, undulate on margin, the stipels 

 usually absent, the leaflets thinly chartaceous, slighdy unequal, 

 broadly ovate, rhombic-elliptic or ovate-orbicular, glaucescent 

 beneath, 1-4 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, rather acute, cuneate to 

 truncate at base, irregularly coarse-toothed; flowers white; 

 sepals elliptic, 3-4 mm. long; stamens many, the filaments 

 white, very slightly dilated above, the anthers linear, 1.5-1.8 

 mm. long; achenes 3-5, sessile, few-ribbed, narrowly ovate; 

 style slender, rather short, about 1.5 mm. long, strongly re- 

 curved above, the stigma on inner side of the style above. 



July-Oct. Woods in hills and mountains; Honshu (Kanto 

 Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



8. Thalictnim baicalense Turcz. T. franchetii Huth; 



T. baicalense var. japonicum H. Boiss. Haru-karamatsu. 



Glabrous herb; stems 50-100 cm. long, striate, erect; leaves 



2 to 3 times ternate, petiolate in lower ones, sessile in upper 

 ones, deltoid in outline, glaucescent, exstipellate, the stipules 

 membranous, lacerate, the leaflets broadly obovate to orbicular, 

 membranous, 2-3.5 cm. long and as wide, rounded to obtuse, 

 often shallowly 3-lobed and with few rounded teeth, truncate, 

 to cuneate at base; inflorescence corymbose, densely rather 

 many-flowered, with the flowers creamy white; sepals obo- 

 vate, 3- to 5-nerved, 3—4 mm. long; stamens many, the fila- 

 ments slightly dilated above, the anthers 0.8-1 mm. long, nar- 

 rowly oblong, sometimes slightly mucronate; achenes 4-10, 

 2.5-3 mm. long, ellipsoidal or broadly obovoid, rather plump, 

 with 3-5 weak nerves on each side, the stipe about 0.3 mm. 

 long; style rather thick, 0.3-0.5 mm. long, the stigma obovate. 



June-July. Mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. distr. 



and northw.) . — Korea, Manchuria, and e. Siberia. 



9. Thalictnim sachalinense Lecoyer. T. a\anense 

 Huth Ezo-KARAMATsu, Miyama-aki-karamatsu. Gla- 

 brous perennial herb; stems erect, 50-80 cm. long, striate, leafy; 

 leaves deltoid in outline, 2-3 times ternate, the upper sessile, 

 the lower ones petiolate, the stipules rather broad, membran- 

 ous, undulate-toothed or subentire, the stipels membranous, 

 broadly cuneate-obovate or rhombic-orbicular, rounded at 

 apex, shallowly cordate to broadly cuneate at base, shallowly 

 2- to 3-lobed on upper margin, the lobes rounded, often with 

 few small rounded teeth; inflorescence flat-topped, rather 

 densely flowered; flowers white; sepals obovate, 3- to 7-ncrved; 

 stamens white, many, the filaments slightly dilated above, the 

 anthers broadly linear, about 1 mm. long; achen.;s 8-15, about 



3 mm. long, ovoid, longitudinally ridged, the stipe about 0.5 

 mm. long; styles slender, about 1.2 mm. long, prominently 

 hooked, the stigma oblanceolatc, about half as long as the 

 style. June-July. Hokkaido. n. Korea. 



