Ranunculaceae 



455 



2B. Flowers pale purple to nearly white; upper sepals distinctly narrowed and slightly recurved; leaves palmately cleft to shallowly 



parted, the segments and teeth acute to obtuse 2. A. loczyanum 



IB. Upper sepals erect or slighdy incurved; roots yearly renovated, obconical or elongate-conical, undivided; flowers blue or bluish purple, 

 rarely white. 



3A. Stems scandent; carpels glabrous i. A. volubile 



3B. Stems erect or ascending, not scandent. 



4A. Stems ascending to arcuate ^. A. japoniciim 



4B. Stems erect or nearly so, sometimes fle.xuous above. 



5A. Inflorescence relatively loose, usually few-flowered, the pedicels relatively elongate; plant of alpine regions. 



6A. Carpels and follicles glabrous or sparsely hairy 5. A. senanense 



6B. Carpels and follicles uniformly and rather densely puberulent 6. A. yiiparcnse 



5B. Inflorescence reladvely dense, usually many-flowered, the pedicels relatively short; plants of mountains and hills. 

 7A. Leaves palmately divided, the median segments petiolulcd. 



8A. Ultimate lobes of leaves linear T. A. sachalinense 



8B. Ultimate lobes of leaves lanceolate 8. A. yezoense 



7B. Leaves palmately parted 9. A. chinense 



1. Aconitum gigas Lev. & Van't. Lycoctonum gigas 

 (Lev. & Van't.) Nakai; A. pallidum sensu auct. Japon., non 



Reichenb. 0-reijin-s6. Vivid green perennial herb; stems 



50-100 cm. long, rather stout, slightly angled, with short in- 

 cun'ed hairs on upper portion; radical and lower cauline 

 leaves long-petiolate, reniform-orbicular, 10-20 cm. wide, 7- 

 to 9-parted or nearly divided, usually again 3-cle£t and incised, 

 acutely toothed, thinly pilose on both sides especially on the 

 nerves beneath, sometimes nearly glabrous on both sides; ra- 

 cemes terminal and axillary, to 30 cm. long, the flowers many, 

 pedicellate, about 2.5 cm. long, pale yellow; carpels 3, gla- 

 brous. July-.-Vug. Wet shaded places in high mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (n. and centr. distr.). Sakhalin. 



2. Aconitum loczyanum R. Raymund. Reijin-s6. 

 Short-pubescent perennial herb; stems often angled below, to 

 70 cm. long, sparsely branched; radical and lower cauline 

 leaves long-petiolate, reniform-orbicular or orbicular-cordate, 

 6-15 cm. wide, deeply to shallowly 5(-7)-cleft, incised and 

 toothed; racemes terminal and axillary, 5-15 cm. long, the 

 pedicels about 1 cm. long, pilose; flowers 2-2.5 cm. long; 

 upper sepals pilose outside; carpels 3, with spreading hairs, be- 

 coming glabrescent. Aug.-Oct. Wet shaded places in 



woods and along streams in mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. 



Van pterocaule (Koidz.) Ohwi. A. pterocaule Koidz. 



AzuMA-REijiN-s6. Stems narrowly winged on lower 



parts; carpels with incurv'ed hairs or glabrous; pedicels and 



outer side of sepals with incurved hairs. Honshu (centr. 



and n. distr.). 



3. Aconitum volubile Pall. Hana-kazuru, Hana-zuru, 

 TsuRUBusHi. Stems scandent above, with short curved hairs 

 on upper part; leaves 3-sected, the segments sessile or very 

 short-petiolulate, narrow, 4-8 cm. long, 2- or 3-parted, some- 

 times with few incisions on margin; inflorescence terminal and 

 lateral, rather loosely few-flowered, the flowers about 3 cm. 



long, bluish purple; carpels usually 5, glabrous. Sept.-Oct 



Kyushu (Kirishima Mts.). Korea, Manchuria, and e. Si- 

 beria. 



4. Aconitum japonicum Thunb. Yama-tori-kabuto. 

 Stems 30-100 cm. long, erect, more or less arcuate above, 

 rarely slightly scandent on upper portion, puberulent above; 

 leaves 5-10 cm. wide, 3(-5)-clcft or -divided, glabrous, the 

 segments obovate-rhombic or rhombic-ovate, more or less in- 

 cised and coarsely toothed, the median segment often petiolu- 

 late; inflorescence corymbose, terminal and lateral, rather 

 small, usually few-flowered, the axillary branches usually not 



elongate, the pedicels puberulent, spreading-hairy or sometimes 

 glabrous; flowers bluish purple, about 3 cm. long; carpels usu- 

 ally 3, sometimes 4 or 5, glabrous or loosely few-haired. 



Sept.-Nov. Hills and mountains; Hokkaido (sw. distr.), 

 Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and very variable. 



5. Aconitum senanense Nakai. ?A. zigzag Lev. & 



Van't.; A. matsumurae Nakai Hosoba-tori-kabuto, Ta- 



kane-tori-kabuto. Erect perennial herb often flexuous and 

 short-pubescent above, usually unbranched; leaves 6-10 cm. 

 wide, 3(-5)-parted or -divided, the segments deeply cleft and 

 narrowly lobulate; inflorescence usually a terminal corymbi- 

 form panicle, rather loosely few-flowered, the lateral branches 

 when present few and rather elongate; flowers bluish purple, 



2.5-3 cm. long; carpels 3-5, glabrous. July-Sept. Alpine 



regions; Honshu (south-centr. distr.). 



Var. incisum (Nakai) Ohwi. A. hakusanense Nakai; A. 



metajaponiciim Nakai; A. zigzag forma incisum Nakai 



Hakusan-tori-kabuto. Stems slighdy taller, 40-80 cm. 

 long; leaves cleft to parted, the segments shallowly lobed; 

 lateral inflorescence often ascending, rather many, the terminal 

 branches nearly pyramidal, rather many-flowered. Moun- 

 tain regions of Honshu (Japan Sea side of centr. and n. distr.). 



6. Aconitum yuparense Takeda. Ezo-hosoba-tori-ka- 

 BUTo. Stems 40-50 cm. long, erect, with incurved short 

 hairs on upper portion; leaves 5-11 cm. wide, 5- to 7-parted, 

 the segments deeply lobed, narrowly caudate; inflorescence 

 few-flow-ered, terminal and lateral, the lateral branches few 

 and erect; flowers bluish purple, about 2.5 cm. long; carpels 

 3-5, densely white-puberulent. Aug. Alpine slopes; Hok- 

 kaido (Mount Yubaridake) ; rare. Closely allied to Aconitum 

 kttrilcnse Takeda of the s. Kuriles. 



Aconitum ito-seiyanum Miyabe & Tatew. Seiya-bushi. 



Allied to A. yuparense but differs in the 5-sected leaves. 



Reported to occur in Hokkaido (Teshio Prov.). 



7. Aconitum sachalinense F. Schmidt. Karafuto- 

 BusHi. Erect perennial herb, puberulent on upper portion; 

 stems 50-100 cm. long, rather stout; leaves radier dense, pal- 

 mately 5-sccted, the median segments 6-8 cm. long, deeply cut, 

 short-pctioluled, the ultimate lobes 2-4 mm. wide, broadly 

 linear; inflorescence a dense rather many-flowered terminal 

 panicle, the lateral branches mostly erect; flowers bluish pur- 

 ple, about 2.5 cm. long; carpels 3, glabrous. Hokkaido. 



Sakhalin. 



8. Aconitum yezoense Nakai. Ezo-tori-kabuto. 

 Stems erect, slightly flexuous above, short recurved-pubescent; 

 leaves 3-sected, the median segments petiolate, 7-10 cm. long. 



