456 



Ranunculaceae 



the lateral ones 2-parted, both cut into narrow lobes; inflores- 

 cence terminal and axillary, rather densely flowered, the axil- 

 lary ones on elongate peduncles; flowers bluish purple, about 

 3 cm. long; carpels glabrous, usually 3. Aug.-Oct. Hok- 

 kaido. 



9. Aconitum chinense Sieb. & Zucc. Tori-kabuto. 

 Stems 80-120 cm. long, firm, recurved short-hairy on upper 

 portion; leaves rather dense, somewhat thick, 3-parted, the 

 segments 10-15 cm. long, deeply incised and coarsely toothed, 



the lateral segments deeply 2-cleft; branches of inflorescence 

 rather many-flowered, erect; flowers deep bluish purple, large, 

 3-4 cm. long; carpels usually 5, glabrous. Sept.-Oct. Cul- 

 tivated for cut flowers and planted in gardens. 



Aconitum zuccarinii Nakai. Aizu-tori-kabuto. Closely 

 allied to and doubtfully distinct from A. chinense, differing 



usually in having 3 carpels. Honshu (Iwashiro and Shi- 



motsuke Prov.). Poorly known. 



11. ANEMONOPSIS Sieb. & Zucc. Renge-shoma Zoku 



Erect perennial rhizomatous herbs; leaves alternate, mostly basal and on lower portion of stems, 2- to 3-ternate, petiolate; 

 flowers in loose racemiform panicles, long-pedicelled, rather large, nodding, pale purple; sepals 7-10, flat, petaloid, oblong, 

 deciduous; petals about 10, much smaller than the sepals, nectariferous at base; stamens many; carpels 2-A, sessile, free, rather 

 many-ovuled; style elongate, slender; fruit of 2-4 follicles; seeds scaly. A single species, in Japan. 



1, Anemonopsis macrophylla Sieb. & Zucc. Xaveria 



macrophylla (Sieb. & Zucc.) Endl. Renge-shoma. Plant 



glabrous; stems 40-80 cm. long; leaves large, the petioles 

 dilated and membranous on both sides at base, the leaflets 

 rhombic-ovate to broadly ovate or oblong, 4-8 cm. long, 2-5 

 cm. wide, acuminate, often 3-lobed, incised and acutely 



toothed; inflorescence 15-30 cm. long, more than 10-flowered; 

 flowers 3-3.5 cm. across; sepals oblong, about 2 cm. long; 

 petals 10-12 mm. long, obovate, rather thick; stamens many; 

 style elongate, filiform, the stigma punctate; follicles about 15 



mm. long. July-Sept. Woods in mountains; Honshu 



(centr. distr.) ; rare. 



12. ACTAEA L. 



RuiYo-sHOMA Zoku 



Rhizomatous perennials; leaves radical and cauline, alternate, ternately compound; inflorescence racemose, terminal, the bracts 

 small, linear to lanceolate, persistent; flowers small, white, pedicellate; sepals 3-5, petaloid or sepallike, caducous; petals 4-10, un- 

 guiculate, flat, caducous; stamens many, the filaments filiform, longer than the sepals; carpels solitary, ellipsoidal, several-ovuled; 

 stigma sessile, shallowly 2-lobed, discoid; fruit a berry. ^Few species, in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Pedicels rather thickened in fruit; fruit black; inflorescence relatively short \. A. asiatica 



IB. Pedicels slender and not thickened in fruit; fruit red; inflorescence rather elongate 2. A. erythrocarpa 



1. Actaea asiatica Hara. A. spicata var. nigra sensu 

 auct. Japon., non Willd.; A. acuminata sensu Komar., non 



Wall. Ruryo-SHOMA. Stems 40-70 cm. long, 2- to 



3-leaved, few-scaled at base, puberulent above; leaves radical 

 and lower cauline, 2- to 4-ternate, the leaflets membranous, 

 ovate to narrowly so, 4-10 cm. long, 2-6 cm. wide, acumi- 

 nate, incised and acutely toothed, sometimes 3-lobed, scat- 

 tered short-pubescent when young; racemes densely flowered, 

 3-5 cm. long, the pedicels 10-15 mm. long in fruit, dark red, 

 horizontally spreading; sepals about 3 mm. long; petals 

 broadly ovate, 2-2.5 mm. long; fruit globose, black, about 6 



mm. across. May. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Hon- 

 shu, Shikoku, Kyushu. China, Manchuria, Ussuri, and 



Korea. 



2. Actaea erythrocarpa Fisch. A. spicata var. erythro- 

 carpa (Fisch.) Ledeb. AKAMi-No-Rurfo-SHOMA. Closely 



resembling the preceding species; inflorescence dense in 

 anthesis, 5-10 cm. long in fruit, the pedicels often deflexed in 



fruit, much slenderer than the axis; fruit red. June. 



Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). 



Europe, Siberia, Manchuria, Korea, Sakhalin, and s. Kuriles. 



13. COPTIS Salisb. 



O-REN Zoku 



Small evergreen perennial herbs with creeping rhizomes; leaves radical, ternate or palmately 5-parted, sometimes 2- to 4- 

 ternate, petiolate; scapes 1- to few-flowered; flowers white, rather small, bisexual or unisexual (plants often dioecious); sepals 

 5-6, petaloid, deciduous; petals 5-6, small, nectariferous; stamens many; carpels few to many, stipitate, free, several-ovuled; fol- 

 licles verticillately arranged on a receptacle, chartaceous; seeds shining. About 10 species, in temperate regions of die N. 



Hemisphere. 



lA. Follicles without nerves on each side, obovate in cross section; style slender, rather elongate, the stigma narrow, decurrent on inner 



side of the style; leaves always 3-foliolate \. C. trifolia 



IB. Follicles with 1 longitudinal nerve on each side, obtriangular in cross section; style short, the stigma essentially punctate; leaves 3 or 

 more foliolate. 

 2A. Flowers solitary, rarely 2; sepals obovate or elliptic; petals obovate; leaflets 3 or 5, sessile, ternately or palmately arranged. 



3A. Leaves 3-£oliolate, rather firm, with rather prominent veinlets beneath 2. C. trifoliolata 



3B. Leaves 5-foliolate, firmly chartaceous, with faintly raised veinlets beneath 3. C qtiinquejoUa 



2B. Flowers 1 to 3; sepals lanceolate; petals spathulate; leaves once to thrice ternately compound, if simply ternate the leaflets distinctly 

 petiolulate 4. C japonica 



