Ranunculaceae 



457 



1. Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Helleborus trijoUus L. 

 MiTSUBA-6-REN, MiTSUBA-w6-REN. Slender nearly gla- 

 brous perennial with very slender creeping rhizomes; leaves 

 long-petiolate, the leaflets 3, sessile, obovate or obovate-orbicu- 

 lar, 1-2.5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse, shallowly incised 

 and irregularly mucronate-toothed, sometimes shallowly lobu- 

 late; scapes 5-10 cm. long; flowers white, 7-10 mm. across, 

 the limb of petals elliptic, yellow; follicles ovoid, 3-5 mm. 

 long, on a stipe 5-7 mm. long; style recurved above. June- 

 July. Coniferous woods and sphagnum-moors; Hokkaido, 



Honshu (centr. and n. distr.). Cooler regions of the N. 



Hemisphere. 



2. Coptis trifoUolata (Makino) Makino. C. quinque- 

 folia var. trifoUolata Makino; C. trijoliolata var. oligodonta F. 



Maekawa; C. oligodonta (F. Maekawa) Satake Mitsuba- 



N0-BAIKA-6-REN. Closcly rcsemblcs the preceding in habit 

 but slightly coarser and the rhizomes less elongate; leaflets 

 firmer and thicker, the petioles grooved above; scapes 7-15 

 cm. long, sometimes with a small scale; flowers 12-15 mm. 

 across; sepals broader, 6-8 mm. long; petals about half as 

 long as the stamens, the limb slightly shorter or as long as the 

 claw; follicles 6-8 mm. long, with a longitudinal nerve on 

 each side, the stipe about 5 mm. long; style short, the stigma 



nearly punctate. June-Aug. Wet alpine slopes and high 



mountains; Honshu (Japan Sea side of centr. and n. distr.). 



3. Coptis quinquefolia Miq. C. quinquejolia var. sto- 

 lonijera Makino — — Baika-6-ren, Baika-w6-ren, Gokay6-5- 

 REN. Rhizomes short-creeping (plants often stoloniferous); 

 leaflets 5, evergreen, irregularly mucronate-toothed, 1-2.5 cm. 

 long, 7-20 mm. wide, the lateral ones smaller; scapes 7-15 

 cm. long, often 1-scaled; flowers white, 12-18 mm. across; 



sepals obovate; petals nearly as long as the stamens, the limb 

 much shorter than the claw; follicles similar to those of the 



preceding. Apr .-May. Woods in mountains; Honshu 



(centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku. 



Var. ramosa (Makino) Ohwi. C. quinquejolia forma 

 ramosa Makino; C. ramosa (Makino) Tamura; C. quinque- 

 jolia var. pedatoquinquejolia Koidz. O-gokayo-o-ren. 



Plant without stolons; leaflets pinnately incised; scapes often 

 2-flowered. Kyushu (Yakushima). 



4. Coptis japonica (Thunb.) Makino. Thalictrum 

 japonicum Thunb.; C. orientalis Ma.xim.; C. anemonaejolia 



Sieb. & Zucc; C. occidentalis var. japonica Huth 0-ren, 



W6-REN. Perennial herb with short, rather thick rhizomes; 

 radical leaves ternate, the leaflets simple or shallowly lobulate, 

 2-5 cm. long, broadly ovate, acute, petiolulate, irregularly 

 acute-toothed; scapes 10-25 cm. long, 1- to 3-flowered, nearly 

 glabrous or short-pubescent above; flowers about 10 mm. 

 across, white, bisexual or polygamous; sepals lanceolate; folli- 

 cles about 10 mm. long, the stipe 6-8 mm. long; style short. 



Mar.-Apr. Woods in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 



Shikoku. 



Var. japonica. Kikuba-6-ren, Kikuba-wo-ren. Leaves 

 once ternate, the leaflets pinnately cleft to parted or sometimes 

 nearly divided. 



Var. dissecta (Yatabe) Nakai. C. anemonaejolia var. dis- 



secta Yatabe Seriba-o-ren, Seriba-w6-ren. Leaves twice 



ternate.- Occurs with the typical phase. 



Var. major (Miq.) Satake. C. brachypetala Sieb. & Zucc; 



C. brachypetala var. major Miq. Ko-seriba-6-ren, Hosoba- 



SERIBA-6-REN, Ko-SERiBA-w6-REN. Leaves thrice ternate. 



Occurs with the typical phase. 



14. CIMICIFUGA L. Sarashina-shoma Zoku 



Erect perennial herbs; leaves radical and cauline, the lower ones long-petiolate, ternately compound; inflorescence racemose 

 or spicate, terminal, often loosely branched, the flowers small, white, pedicelled or sessile; sepals 2-5, petaloid, caducous; petals 

 0-8, unguiculate, often 2-fid; stamens many, the filaments filiform or slightly flattened above; carpels 1-8, sessile or stipitate, 



many-ovuled; styles very short or slender; follicles 1-8; seeds smooth or scaly. About 10 species, in the temperate regions of 



the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Flowers distinctly pedicelled; carpels 2-7, stipitate; style circinnate, with a narrow oblique stigma inside; plant of mountains and 

 alpmc meadows 1 . C. simplex 



IB. Flowers nearly sessile; carpels solitary, very rarely 2, scarcely stipitate; style very short, the stigma short, terminal. 



2A. Leaflets acute to obtuse or short-acuminate, with short callose hairs on nerves above 2. C. japonica 



2B. Leaflets acuminate to long-acuminate, glabrous above except for short hairs sometimes near margin 3. C acerina 



1. Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk. C. joetida var. sijnplex 

 (Wormsk.) Kegel; C. yesoensis (Nakai) Kudo; C. simplex 



var. yesoensis Nakai Sarashina-shoma. Perennial herb 



with short-creeping rhizomes; stems white-puberulent above, 

 40-100 cm. long, few-leaved; radical and lower cauline leaves 

 long-petiolate, 2- to 3-ternate, the leaflets ovate to narrowly so, 

 3-8 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. wide, acuminate, sometimes 3-lobed, 

 irregularly incised and toothed; spikes elongate, 20-30 cm. 

 long, often branched below, densely many-flowered, the 

 pedicels 5-10 mm. long; sepals white, about 4 mm. long; petals 

 slightly smaller, shallowly 2-lobed; stamens about 10 mm. 

 long, white; carpels 2-7, the stipe elongate after anthesis, 



slightiy puberulent to glabrous. Aug.-Oct. Mountain 



meadows and alpine regions; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, 

 Kyushu. Sakhalin, Kuriles, and Kamchatka. 



2. Cimicifuga japonica (Thunb.) Spreng. Actaea ja- 

 ponica Thunb.; Pityrosperma obtusilobum Sieb. & Zucc. var. 



biternatum Sieb. & Zucc; C. obtusiloba (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq.; 



C. biternata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Miq. Inu-shoma. Perennial 



herb 60-80 cm. high; radical leaves long-petiolate, 1- to 2- 

 ternate, the leaflets chartaceous, broadly ovate to orbicular- 

 cordate, 6-10 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, subobtuse to acumi- 

 nate, palmately lobulate and irregularly toothed, shallowly 

 cordate, with short callose hairs on nerves above, and more or 

 less spreading hairs on nerves beneath; stems scapelike, usually 

 leafless; inflorescence 20-35 cm. long, short-pubescent, often 

 branched below; flowers many, white, sessile or nearly so; 

 sepals about 5 mm. long; petals 2-cleft; stamens about 8 mm. 

 long, the filaments filiform, the anthers broadly elliptic; 



carpels solitary, rarely 2. Aug.-Oct. Honshu (centr. distr. 



and westw.). 



3. Cimicifuga acerina (Sieb. & Zucc.) T. Tanaka. 

 Pityrosperma acerina Sieb. & Zucc; C. japonica var. acerina 

 (Sieb. & Zucc.) Huth; C. acerina var. typica Hara, var. macro- 



