460 



Ranunculaceae 



18. CALTHA L. 



Ryu-kinka Zoku 



Glabrous, often stoloniferous perennial herbs with short rhizomes; radical leaves simple, palmately nerved, entire or toothed, 

 petiolate, cordate, the cauline ones few or absent; flowers yellow or creamy yellow, few to rather numerous; sepals 5 to rather 

 many, yellow, petaloid, large, deciduous; petals absent; stamens many or sometimes few; carpels sessile; style short; fruit of few 

 to several follicles; seeds many, smooth. More than 10 species, in temperate and northern regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



1. Caltha palustris L. var. membranacea Turcz. C. 

 palustris var. sibirica Kegel; C. membranacea (Turcz.) 

 Schipcz.; C. sibirica (Regel) Makino; C. palustris var. nip- 



ponica Hara Ryu-kinka. Rhizomes short, thick-rooted; 



radical leaves long-petiolate; reniform-orbicular or ovate-cor- 

 date, 5-10 cm. long and as wide, undulate-toothed; scapes 15- 

 50 cm. long, erect, few-leaved; flowers golden-yellow, 2-3 cm. 



across; follicles about 1 cm. long. Apr.-July. Wet places 



in mountains; Honshu, Kyushu. e. Siberia, China, and 



Korea. Forma decumbens Makino. C. palustris var. en- 



\oso Hara Enk6-s6. Stems decumbent. Wet places; 



Honshu. 



Var. pygmaea Makino. Kobano-ryu-kinka. Dwarf- 

 growing phase, recently found wild. Honshu (Hirugano in 



Hida) . Long cultivated. 



Var. barthei Hance. C. barthei (Hance) Koidz.; C. fistu- 



losa Schipcz.; C. palustris forma gigas Lev. Ezo-no-ryu- 



KiNKA. Plant 50-80 cm. high; radical leaves 10-25 cm. 

 wide, often deltoid-toothed; flowers large, rather many; style 



short. ^May-July. Wet places; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. 



distr.) . Sakhalin and Kuriles. 



19. GLAUCIDIUM Sieb. & Zucc. 



Shirane-aoi Zoku 



Perennial herbs, white-pubescent while young; rhizomes stout; cauline leaves 2, palmately lobed, the basal leaves long-petiolate; 

 flowers solitary, terminal, pale blue-purple; sepals 4, petaloid, spreading, deciduous; petals absent; stamens many; carpels 2, some- 

 times solitary, sessile, slightly connate below, many-ovuled; follicles flattened laterally, somewhat 4-angled; seeds obovate, flat, 

 many, broadly winged on margin. A single species, in Japan. 



1. Glaucidium palmatum Sieb. & Zucc. G. paradoxum 



Makino Shirane-aoi. Stems rather stout, naked below, 



2-leaved above; radical (sterile) leaves membranous, long- 

 petiolate, the cauline reniform or cordate-orbicular, 8-20 cm. 

 long and as wide, palmately 7- to 11-lobed, soft-pubescent 

 while young, the lobes acuminate, irregularly acute-toothed, 

 often incised, the petioles 10-15 cm. long; flowers terminal. 



solitary, 5-8 cm. across, pedunculate; sepals 4, broadly ovate, 

 thin, pale blue-purple, rarely white; stamens many; carpels 

 usually 2; follicles flattened, about 15 mm. long; seeds nar- 

 rowly oblong, about 10 mm. long inclusive of the wing. 



May-July. Woods in high mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu (n. 

 and centr. distr.). 



20. PAEONIA L. Botan Zoku 



Perennial herbs or suffruticose subshrubs; leaves ternately or pinnately compound; flowers large, terminal and axillary, pale 

 pink, yellow or purple-red; sepals 3-5, herbaceous, greenish; petals 5-20, petaloid, without nectary glands, deciduous; 



stamens many; carpels 2-5, free; follicles rather large, several- to many-seeded; seeds black. About 30 species in the Old 



World, mainly in Asia, 2 in N. America. 



lA. Plants herbaceous, the flowers with a low disc below the carpels. 

 2A. Leaflets rather thin, not shining, oblong, usually not decurrent below, abruptly acute to subobtuse, whitish beneath; flowers not fully 

 expanded; filaments pale red; stigma purplish; plant of mountains. 



3A. Flowers white; stigma short, slightly recurved; follicles reflexed 1. P. japonica 



3B. Flowers rose; stigma rather elongate, prominently circinnate; follicles spreading 2. P. obovata 



2B. Leaflets firm, chartaceous, shining above, narrowly obovate to lanceolate, often decurrent on the petiolules, usually acuminate, pale 



green beneath; flowers fully expanded; cultivated 3. P. lactiflora 



IB. Plant shrubby, the flowers with the disc dilated and enveloping the carpels; cultivated 4. P. suffruticossa 



1. Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda. P. 2. Faeonia obovata Maxim. Benibana-yama-shaku- 



obovata var. japonica Makino Yama-shakuyaku. Stems yaku. Closely allied to the preceding; leaves scattered soft- 



40-50 cm. long, with few scalelike leaves at base; rhizomes pubescent beneath; flowers pale rose; stigma elongate, circin- 



stout, short; cauline leaves 3-4, petiolate, large, usually twice nate. Apr.-June. Woods and thickets in mountains; Hok- 



ternate, the leaflets oblong to obovate, 4-12 cm. long, 3-7 cm. kaido, Honshu, Shikoku. Korea, Manchuria, China, Amur, 



wide, abruptly acute to obtuse, acuminate at base, often and Sakhalin. 



petiolulate, glaucous beneath; flowers white, 4-5 cm. across, Var. glabra Makino. Ke-nashi-benibana-yama-shakuyaku. 



solitary and terminal; sepals ovate; petals 5-7, ascending. Leaflets glabrous beneath. Occurs with the typical phase. 



connivent above, obovate, 3-4 cm. long; anthers 5-7 mm. 3. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. P. albiflora Pall. Shaku- 



long; stigma short, slightly recurved. Apr.-June. Thickets yaku. Erect perennial herb, 50-80 cm. high, the roots 



and open woods in mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. thickened, narrowly fusiform; leaves once to twice pinnately 

 Korea and Manchuria. ternate, the leaflets often 3-parted, the segments lanceolate to 



Var. pilosa Nakai. Ke- yama-shakuyaku. Leaves pubes- narrowly obovate, shining above, pale green beneath; flowers 



cent beneath. Occurs with the typical phase. large, white to rose or red-purple, often double. ^May. 



