Ranunculaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Berberidaceae 



461 



Long cultivated in our area for ornament and medical pur- 

 poses. e. Siberia, Manchuria, Korea, China, and Tibet. 



4. Paeonia sufiFruticosa Andr. P. moutan Sims — — Bo- 

 TAN. Sparsely branched small shrub 1-1.5 m. high; leaf- 

 lets usually 3- to 5-cleft, often whitish beneath; flowers large 



and showy, the disc thick-membranous, enveloping the carpels; 



carpels densely brown-pubescent. Long cultivated in our 



area and many cultivars of it are grown. nw. China, Tibet, 



and Bhutan. 



Fam. 91. LARDIZABALACEAE Akebi Ka Lardizabala Family 



Usually scandent woody climbers; leaves alternate, palmately or ternately compound, exstipulate; flowers polygamous or 

 unisexual, actinomorphic, usually racemose; sepals 6, rarely 3, petallike; petals absent or small, reduced to a nectary; stamens 6; 

 ovary superior; carpels 3 to many, free, dehiscent or indehiscent; ovules many; fruit berrylike; seeds with copious endosperm. 

 About 8 genera with about 20 species, in e. Asia, India, and S. America. 



lA. Sepals 3; leaves deciduous; stamens free I. Akebia 



IB. Sepals 6; leaves evergreen; stamens monadelphous 2. Stauntonia 



1. AKEBIA Decne. Akebi Zoku 



Deciduous woody climbers; leaves palmately 3- to 5-foliolate, petiolate; racemes axillary; flowers unisexual (plants monoe- 

 cious), the pistillate larger, on the lower part of the raceme, purplish; sepals 3, free; petals absent; stamens in staminate flowers 6, 

 free; carpels 3-9, many-ovuled; ovules on parietal placentae; berry large, oblong. Few species, in e. Asia. 



lA. Leaflets 5, entire, oblong; pistillate pedicels declined \. A. qtiinata 



IB. Leaflets 3(-5), undulate-toothed or subentire, ovate or broadly so; pistillate pedicels horizontally spreading 2. A. trifoliata 



1. Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne. A. sempervirens 



Nakai; Rajania quinata Thunb. Akebi. Glabrous 



climber; leaflets 5, oblong or oblong-obovate, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 

 cm. wide, somewhat refuse, obtuse to rounded at base, entire, 

 slightly glaucescent beneath; flowers pale purple, the pistillate 

 2.5-3 cm. across, long-pedicellate; sepals broadly elliptic, 15-20 

 mm. long, the staminate 12-16 mm. across, on upper part of 

 raceme, the pedicels slender; sepals 7-8 mm. long; fruit 5-8 



cm. long, oblong, becoming dark purplish when mature. 



Apr.-May. Thickets in hills and mountains; Honshu, Shi- 

 koku, Kyushu; common. Korea and China. 



2. Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. Clematis tri- 

 foliata Thunb.; A. lobata Decne.; A. quercijotia Sieb. & Zucc; 



A. clematijolia Sieb. & Zucc. Mitsuba-akebi. Glabrous 



woody climber; leaves trifoliolate, the leaflets ovate to broadly 



so, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, shallowly retuse, rounded at 

 base, usually undulate-toothed; sepals of the pistillate flowers 

 7-10 mm. long; staminate flowers rather numerous, 4-5 mm. 

 across, short-pedicelled; sepals about 2 mm. long; fruit oblong, 



becoming dark purplish. Apr.-May. Thickets in hills and 



low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; com- 

 mon. China. 



Akebia pentaphylla Makino. Goyo-akebi. An alleged 

 hybrid of the two native species, having 5 leaflets and the 

 flower characters of No. 2. 



Akebia pentaphylla var. integrifolia Y. Kimura. Kuwa- 

 zoME-AKEBi. An Alleged hybrid having the leaves of No. I, 

 but paler flowers rather larger than in those of A. pentaphylla. 

 Known from Honshu (Shinano Prov.). 



2. STAUNTONIA DC. Mube Zoku 



Evergreen woody climber; leaves palmately 5- to 7-foliolate; racemes axillary, short, few-flowered; flowers unisexual (plants 

 monoecious); sepals 6, the outer 3 somewhat broader; stamens 6, connate; pistillate flowers with 6 staminodia; carpels 3, free; 

 stigma capitate; ovules many; berry ovoid-globose, usually indehiscent; seeds many, ovoid or oblong, embedded in edible 

 fleshy pulp. Few species, in c. Asia. 



1. Stauntonia hexaphylla (Thunb.) Decne. Rajania 



hexaphylla Thunb. Mube. Glabrous climber; leaflets 



(3-) 5-7, coriaceous, oblong, ovate or obovate, 6-10 cm. long, 

 2-4 cm. wide, entire, pale green and prominently net-veined 

 beneath; flowers few, pale yellow with dark red-purple stria- 

 tions, the outer sepals lanceolate, obliquely ascending, about 20 



mm. long, gradually narrowed above, subacute, the inner 

 sepals linear; berry purplish, ovate-globose, about 5 cm. long. 



Apr.-May. Thickets in lowlands and foothills in warmer 



regions; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyu- 

 shu. Ryukyus and s. Korea. 



Fam. 92. BERBERTOACEAE Megi Ka Barberry Family 



Herbs or shrubs; leaves alternate, simple, ternately or sometimes pinnately compound, the stipules absent or present; flowers 

 bise-xual, in cymes, racemes, or panicles or solitary; sepals and petals imbricate, biseriate or the latter sometimes reduced to 

 nectaries; stamens as many as the petals and opposite them, the anthers usually opening by 2 valves hinged at top; ovary su- 

 perior, I-locular, few- to many-ovuled; style short or absent, the stigma usually peltate; fruit a berry or capsule; seeds with 



endosperm. About 10 genera with more than 250 species, mainly in temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere, few in S. 



America. 



