462 Berberidaceae 



lA. Woody plants; petals reduced to nectaries; fruit a berry. 



2 A. Leaves simple, often reduced to spines, deciduous (in ours) ; anthers opening by valves; sepals 6 1. Berberis 



2B. Leaves pinnate or ternate, evergreen. 



3A. Leaves tripinnate; leaflets entire; flowers white; anthers longitudinally split 2. Nandina 



3B. Leaves simply pinnate; leaflets spiny on margins; flowers yellow; anthers opening by valves 3. Mahonia 



IB. Herbs. 



4A. Sepals and petals present. 



5A. Petals with a nectary gland; leaves ternate, rarely binate. 



6A. Carpels soon deciduous after anthesis, exposing 2 seeds 4. Caulophyllum 



6B. Carpels persistent and enveloping the seeds. 



7A. Fruit a dehiscent follicle 5. Epimedium 



7B. Fruit an indehiscent berry 6. Ranzania 



5B. Petals without a nectary gland; leaves simple, often peltate; fruit a berry 7. Diphylleia 



43. Sepals and petals absent; leaves ternate; fruit a follicle 8. Achlys 



1. BERBERIS Megi Zoku 



Deciduous or rarely evergreen shrubs with yellowish wood; leaves simple, entire or spine-toothed, penni-nerved, the leaves 

 of the shoots reduced usually to 3-parted spines; flowers in axillary racemes, solitary, or fasciculate in axils, rather small, yellow; 

 sepals 6, subtended by 2 or 3 bracteoles; petals 6, in 2 series, usually with 2 nectariferous glands at base; stamens 6, free, the 

 anthers opening by 2 small terminal valves; carpels solitary; stigma peltate; ovules few; berry indehiscent, 1- to several-seeded. 

 About 200 species, abundant in c. Asia, S. America, and e. Asia, few in N. America, Europe, and n. Africa. 



lA. Leaves spiny-toothed. 



2A. Branches angled; leaves oblanceolate, 1-2 cm. wide, acute or obtuse; flowers 3-7, in umbels or short racemes 1. B. sieboldii 



2B. Branches obsoletely striate; leaves obovate or oblong, 1.5-3 cm. wide, very obtuse or nearly rounded; flowers more than 10, in 

 racemes 2. B. amurensis var. japonica 



IB. Leaves entire. 



3A. Branches terete or nearly so; leaves 3-8 cm. long; flowers 3-5, often in short racemes 3. B. tschonoskyana 



3B. Branches prominently grooved; leaves 1-3.5 cm. long; flowers 2-4, fasciculate in axils 4. B. thunbergii 



1. Berberis sieboldii Miq. Hebi-noborazu. Gla- ensis var. bretschneideri (Rehd.) Hara Aka-jiku-hebi-no- 



brous, spiny, deciduous shrub; leaves oblanceolate to broadly borazd. Branches and petioles red-brown. Forma brevi- 



so, 4-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, acute, sometimes obtuse, nar- folia (Nakai) Ohwi. B. amurensis var. brevifolia Nakai 



rowed below, pale beneath, densely spiny-toothed; racemes Maruba-hebi-noborazu. Leaves obovate-orbicular to broadly 



much shorter than the leaves, 2-A cm. long; flowers yellow, obovate. Honshu (n. Kanto Distr.). 



about 6 mm. across; fruit globose, dark red. ^May. Hon- 3. Berberis tsehonoskyana Regel. B. sikp\iana Yatabe 



shu (sw. part of centr. distr. and Kinki Distr.) . Oba-megi, Miyama-megi. Shrub with branches some- 



2. Berberis amurensis Rupr. var. japonica (Regel) times obsoletely grooved, often spiny; leaves elliptic to oblong, 

 Rehd. B. vulgaris var. japonica Regel; B. japonica (Regel) 3-8 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, obtuse, narrowed below, whitish 

 C. K. Schn., non R. Br.; B. regeliana Koehne; B. amurensis or paler beneath; flowers 3-8, axillary, often on a short axis 



sensu auct. Japon., non Rupr. Hiro-ha-no-hebi-noborazu. slightly longer than the leaves, yellow, about 6 mm. across; 



Glabrous spiny shrub, branches longitudinally grooved, the fruit oblong, 8-10 mm. long, red. ^June. Mountains; Hon- 



spines spreading; leaves obovate to oblong, usually narrowly shu (Kanto to Kinki Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



obovate, 3-10 cm. long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, not lustrous, very 4. Berberis thunbergii DC. Megi. Spiny shrub with 



obtuse to rounded, narrowed below, pale beneath, the veinlets branches prominently grooved, the spines rarely 3-parted; 



rather prominent; racemes nodding, as long as to slightly leaves obovate, elliptic or oblong, 1-3.5 cm. long, obtuse, 



longer than the leaves, usually more than 10-flowered; flowers mucronate or rounded, narrowed below, whitish beneath; 



yellow, about 6 mm. across; Ijerry oblong, red, about 10 mm. flowers 2-4, umbellate, yellow, about 6 mm. across; the 



across. June. Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr.), peduncles short or wanting; fruit ellipsoidal, 7-10 mm. across, 



Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, and Amur. Forma bret- red. Apr. Honshu (Kanto Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, 



schneideri (Rehd.) Ohwi. B. bretschneideri 'Rehd.; B. amur- Kyushu; common. 



2. NANDINA Thunb. Nanten Zoku 



Evergreen unarmed shrub; leaves alternate, short-petiolate, 2- to 3-pinnately compound, the axis jointed at base, the leaflets 

 entire, the petioles dilated at base; stipules absent; panicles terminal, many-flowered; flowers white, rather small; sepals many, 

 3-seriate, the inner ones gradually larger, becoming petallike, the nectaries 3 or 6; anther-locules longitudinally split; ovary 1, 

 2-ovuled; fruit a globose, 2-seeded berry. A single species, India to e. Asia. 



1. Nandina domestica Thunb. Nanten. Erect, gla- flowers white, about 6 mm. long; fruit red, sometimes white, 



brous, simple to sparingly branched shrub; leaves rather rarely pale purple, 6-7 mm. across. June. Ravines and 



densely arranged especially toward the top of stems and valleys in mountains in warmer parts; Honshu (Tokaido to 



branchlets, the leaflets narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, Kinki Distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu; long cultivated, 



3-7 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, subcoriaceous, acuminate, with many cultivars. Centr. China and India. 



lustrous above, entire; panicles large, pedunculate, erect; 



