464 



Berberidaceae 



slightly spine-margined, obtuse, cordate, scattered-puberulent 



beneath; flowers white, 10-12 mm. across.- ^Apr.-May. 



Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Epimedium X youngianum Fisch. & Mey. Umezaki- 

 iKARi-so. A hybrid of E. diphyllum X B. grandiflorum 



Garden origin. 



4. Epimedium trifoliatobinatum Koidz. Hime-ikari- 

 s6. Perennial, 30-50 cm. high; leaves binate, the primary 

 ternate, the leaflets broadly ovate to narrowly so, 4-7 cm. long, 

 3-4 cm. wide, obtuse or abruptly acute, obliquely sagittate to 

 cordate, somewhat coriaceous, usually glaucous and thinly 

 brownish puberulent beneath, entire or scarcely spine-toothed; 



flowers about 10, white, rather large. Honshu (Chiagoku 



Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. 



Epimedium longifolium Decne. Ko-ikari-s6. This 

 may be a hybrid of No. 4 and No. 5. 



5. Epimedium sempervirens Nakai. E. macranthum 

 var. hypoleucum Makino; E. hypoleucum (Makino) F. Mae- 



kawa; E. sempervirens var. hypoleucum (Makino) Ohwi 



ToKrwA-iKARi-so. Evergreen herb, 40-60 cm. high, with 

 rather thick rhizomes; leaflets coriaceous, spine-margined, 

 broadly ovate to ovate-elliptic, 6-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm. wide, 

 abruptly acuminate, deeply cordate, glaucous beneath, and 

 with fine appressed hairs beneath, flowers white or purplish, 

 rather large, the pedicels often forked. Apr.-May. Hon- 

 shu (Japan Sea side from Kinki Distr. to n. distr.). 



Var. hypoglaucum (Makino) Ohwi. E. macranthum var. 

 hypoglaucum Makino; E. hypoglaucum (Makino) F. Mae- 

 kawa Urajiro-ikari-so. Leaflets persistent, with fine 



hairs beneath; flowers purplish to white. Often found 



growing with the typical phase in Honshu (Japan Sea side 

 from centr. distr. to Kinki). 



6. Epimedium grandiflorum Morr. E. macranthum 

 Morr. & Decne.; E. grandiflorum var. violaceum (Morr.) 

 Steam; E. violaceum Morr.; E. macranthum var. thunbergi- 

 anum Miq.; E. macranthum var. violaceum (Morr.) Franch. 



Ikari-s6. Summer-green perennial herb, 20-40 cm. 



high; stems few-scaled at base; leaves 2- to 4-ternate, the leaf- 

 lets ovate to deltoid-ovate, 3-6 cm. long, 2-4 cm. wide, sub- 

 acute, spinulose-margined, cordate, glabrous above, glaucescent 

 and glabrate beneath; flowers white to pale purple, with an 



elongated exserted spur. ^Mar.-May. Honshu, Shikoku, 



Kyushu. 



Var. higoense Shimizu. E. multijoliolatum Koidz. 



Yachimata-ikari-s6, Sohayaki-ikari-so. Adult leaflets with 



scattered minute spreading hairs above. Calcareous rocks; 



Kyushu (Higo Prov.) ; rare. 



7. Epimedium koreanum Nakai. E. cremeum Nakai; 



E. sulphurellum Nakai; E. coelestre Nakai Kibana-ikari- 



so, Shirobana-ikari-s6. Rhizomes short, loosely tufted, 

 sparingly branched; leaves usually 2-ternate, the leaflets ovate 

 to broadly so, 5-12 cm. long, 3-9 cm. wide, oblique, spinulose- 

 toothed, green and glabrous above, abruptly short-acuminate; 

 stems brown-pubescent above when young, 1-leaved; sepals 

 5-7 mm. long; petals 7-8 mm. long, the spur spreading, about 

 15 mm. long. Apr. Hokkaido (sw. distr.), Honshu (Ja- 

 pan Sea side of centr. and n. distr.). Korea. 



6. RANZANIA T. Ito Togakushi-shoma Zoku 



Soft glabrous glaucescent perennial herb with creeping branched rhizomes; stems simple, 2-leaved at the summit, naked 

 below; leaves ternate, petiolate, petiolulate; stipules absent; flowers in a terminal fascicle, pale purple, nodding, with 3 caducous 

 sepallike bracts outside; sepals 6, petallike; petals 6, small, bearing 2 nectariferous glands at base; stamens 6; anthers dehiscing 



from a small valve on each side; ovary solitary, many-ovuled, the placentae parietal; fruit a berry. A single species, in 



Japan. 



1. Ranzania japonica (T. Ito) T. Ito. Podophyllum jap- 

 onicum T. Ito; Yatabea japonica (T. Ito) Maxim. Toga- 

 kushi-shoma. Stems 30-50 cm. long, terete, erect; leaflets 3, 

 periolulate, orbicular to ovate-orbicular, 3-lobed or -incised, 

 subacute, 8-12 cm. long and as wide, thinly membranous, 

 cordate, glaucous beneath; pedicels fasciculate at the summit 



of the stem, 4-8 cm. long, nodding in anthesis, to 15 cm. long 

 and erect in fruit; flowers about 2.5 cm. across; sepals ovate, 

 obliquely spreading, obtuse, about 15 mm. long; fruit el- 

 lipsoidal. June-July. Woods in mountains; Honshu (Ja- 

 pan Sea side of centr. and n. distr.) ; rare. 



7. DIPHYLLEIA Michx. Sanka-y6 Zoku 



Soft perennial herbs with stout creeping rhizomes; stems simple, 2-leaved above, terete; leaves petiolate or sessile, orbicular or 

 somedmes peltate; inflorescence cymose or umbellate, the flowers white; sepals 6, caducous; petals 6, flat, white; stamens 6; ovary 



solitary, the ovules in 2 series on one side within the ovary; berry indehiscent, ellipsoidal; seeds oblong, curved. About 3 



species, in N. America and e. Asia. 



1. Diphylleia grayi F. Schmidt. D. cymosa sensu auct. 

 Japon., non Michx.; D. cymosa var. grayi (F. Schmidt) Maxim. 



Sanka-yo. Rhizomes stout, knotty; stems 30-60 cm. 



long, terete, rather stout, scattered curled white-pubescent, 

 remotely 2 (-3) -leaved on upper half, with few membranous 

 scales at base; leaves petiolate, orbicular or reniform-orbicular, 

 the lower one peltate, to 25 cm. long, 30 cm. wide, the upper 



one sessile with a deep sinus at each end, basifixed, toothed and 

 incised, white-pubescent beneath; flowers 3-10, pedicelled, 

 about 2 cm. across; petals white, spreading, obovate, about 10 

 mm. long; berry ellipsoidal, blue, bloomy, 10-13 mm. long, 



several-seeded. June- July. Woods in high mountains; 



Hokkaido, Honshu (centr. and n. distr., and the mountains 

 in Yamato Prov.). Sakhalin. 



