Berberidaceae; Menispermaceae 465 



8. ACHLYS DC. Nambu-s5 Zoku 



Glabrous herbs with creeping rhizomes; leaves radical, palmately nerved, 3-sected to -parted, long-petiolate, the segments 

 sessile, entire, sometimes obtusely lobulate; scapes erect, simple; inflorescence terminal, spicate, the flowers minute, bractless, 

 the perianth absent; stamens 9-15, the filaments filiform, dilated above, the outer ones longer; anthers short, 2-locular, opening 

 by a small valve on each side; ovary solitary, the carpels I; stigma broad, sessile; ovules solitary, erect from the base of ovary; 

 follicles small, oblique, slightly laterally compressed. Two species, one in western N. America and one in e. Asia. 



1. Achlys japonica Maxim. A. triphylla var. japonica flabellate, 5-8 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, 3-lobed or undulately 

 (Maxim.) T. Ito Nambu-so. Slender, glabrous, rather incised on upper margin, obtuse, the lateral segments sub- 

 firm perennial herb with slender, creeping rhizomes; leaves cordate; flowers rather many, white, small; stamens unequal, 

 radical, usually solitary, 3-sected, the petioles 15-20 cm. long, to about 5 mm. long; fruit 3—4 mm. long, subobcordate, as- 

 the segments sessile, with the median one cuneate-obovate or cending. Hokkaido, Honshu (n. distr.). 



Fam. 93. MENISPERMACEAE Tsuzura-fuji Ka Moonseed Family 



Dioecious herbs or scandent woody vines, rarely erect; leaves alternate, often peltate, entire or palmately cleft; stipules absent; 

 inflorescence paniculate or cymose; sepals free or rarely connate, 1 to several; petals free or connate; stamens many or few, free 

 or connate; carpels 3 to 6, usually 3, free, the ovules 2, 1 ovule soon aborting; stigma entire or lobed; fruit a drupe, the stones usu- 

 ally incurved, sometimes reniform; endosperm present or absent. About 70 genera, with about 400 species, mainly in the 



Tropics. 



KEY TO FLOWERING MATERIAL 



lA. Carpels 2-6. 



2A. Sepals and petals spirally arranged; stamens 12-24 1. Menispermum 



2B. Sepals and petals verticillate; stamens 3-12. 



3A. Stamens 9-12 2. Sinomeniiim 



3B. Stamens 3-6 3. Cocculus 



IB. Carpels 1. 



4A. Perianth of pistillate flowers actinomorphic 4. Slephania 



4B. Perianth of pistillate flowers not regular 5. Cissampelos 



KEY TO STERILE MATERIAL 



lA. Erect shrub; leaves evergreen, oblong-obovate, 3-nerved Cocculus laurijolitis 



IB. Scandent shrubs or herbs; leaves ovate to orbicular. 

 2A. Leaves peltate. 



3A. Leaves scattered-pubescent on upper side, more densely so beneath Cissampelos ijisularis 



3B. Leaves glabrous above, glabrous or rarely pubescent beneath. 



4A. Leaves broadly ovate, not angled, rounded at base Stephania japonica 



4B. Leaves orbicular, 5- to 9-angled or shallowly lobed, barely cordate or truncate at base Menispermum daiiricum 



2B. Leaves basifixed. 



5A. Branches and upper side of leaves glabrous; inflorescence large Sinomeniiim aculum 



5B. Branches and leaves soft-pubescent; inflorescence rather short Cocculus trilobus 



1. MENISPERMUM L. Komori-kazura Zoku 



Scandent, dioecious, herbaceous or woody perennials; leaves orbicular-angulate or palmately lobed, peltate; inflorescence race- 

 mose or paniculate; staminate sepals 4-10, 2-seriate, the inner whorl larger; petals 6-9, suborbicular, shorter than the sepals, in- 

 flexed on margin; stamens 12-24, free, the anthers 4-locular; perianth of the pistillate flowers similar to the staminate, the 

 stamens reduced to staminodes; carpels 2-4; stigma dilated; drupes 2-3, subglobose, oblique, the stones orbicular-reniform, 

 subcristate on back, concave on the sides. Two species, one in N. America and one in e. Asia. 



1. Menispermum dauricum DC. Komori-kazura. the petioles 5-15 cm. long; inflorescence racemose, glabrous, 



SufTrutescent climber, the young branches elongate, glabrous pedunculate; flowers green-yellow; drupe reniform-globose, 



or slightly pilose on upper part; leaves reniform to cordate- 8-10 mm. long, black. May-June. Hokkaido, Honshu, 



orbicular, 7-13 cm. long and as wide, shallowly 5- to 9-lobulate Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, n. China, and e. 



or angled, membranous, glaucous beneath, usually glabrous, Siberia. 



2. SINOMENIUM Diels Tsuzura-fuji Zoku 



Deciduous woody dioecious climbers with simple, sometimes palmately lobed leaves; panicles rather large; sepals and petals 

 6, the latter inflexed and embracing the filaments; stamens 9-12, the anthers 4-locular; pistillate flowers with 9 staminodia; 

 carpels 3; the st>'le recurved, the stigma lobulate; drupe flat, oblique, die stone curved, with a tuberculate dorsal rib and numer- 

 ous transverse ribs; seeds lunate. A single species, in e. Asia. 



