Magnoliaceae 467 



Fam. 94. MAGNOLIACEAE Mokuren Ka Magnolia Family 



Evergreen or deciduous, often aromatic trees or shrubs or sometimes scandent woody vines; leaves entire, simple, rarely lobed 

 or toothed, the stipules large, rarely absent; flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual, actinomorphic: sepals 3, often petal- 

 oid; petals 6 to many; stamens many, rarely connate; carpels usually spirally arranged on an elongate often woody torus, rarely 

 verricillate, each widi I to few usually anatropous ovules, dehiscing along dorsal or ventral sutures or berrylike and indehiscent; 

 endosperm oily. About 10 genera, with about 100 species, in temperate and subtropical regions of Asia and America. 



1 A. Erect woody plants; mature fruit a woody, dehiscent follicle; flowers bisexual. 

 2A. Stipules prominent, deciduous; carpels spirally arranged, the seeds dorsally dehiscent at maturity. 



3A. Fruit stipitate 1 . Michelia 



3B. Fruit sessile 2. Magnolia 



2B. Stipules absent; carpels in a single simple verticil, the seeds dehiscent on inner side when mature 3. Illicium 



1 B. Woody climbers; mature carpels fleshy, indehiscent, berrylike; flowers unisexual; plants dioecious or monoecious. 



4A. Receptacles much elongate after anthesis, the carpels spicate 4. Schisandra 



4B. Receptacles not elongate, the carpels capitate 5. Kadsura 



1. MICHELIA L. Ogatama-no-ki Zoku 



Trees; leaves simple, penninerved, stipulate; flowers solitary, axillary, rather small; sepals and petals (tepals) similar, 9 to many, 

 3- to many-seriate, imbricate; anthers linear, the locules introrse; carpels many, 2- to many-ovuled, loosely arranged on an elon- 

 gate conelike axis, coriaceous, persistent; seeds at first suspended by a filiform funicle. More than 10 species, in mountains 



of tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. 



1. Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg. Magnolia com- long, appressed-pubescent; flowers solitary in upper axils, about 



prcssa Maxim. Ogatama-no-ki. Erect evergreen tree, 3 cm. across, white, with a purplish red center; perianth-seg- 



brownish appressed-pubescence on young branches, buds, and ments 12, oblanceolate, 15-25 mm. long; carpels short-pubes- 



young leaves beneath; leaves oblong-obovate or oblong, 5-10 cent while young, 2- to 3-seeded, the fruit 5-10 cm. long. 



cm. long, 2-A cm. wide, coriaceous, lustrous and deep green Feb.-Apr. Warmer regions; Honshu (s. Kanto, Tokaido, and 



above, paler beneath, acute with an obtuse tip; petioles 2-3 cm. s. Kinki Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Ryukyus and Formosa. 



2. MAGNOLIA L. Mokuren Zoku 



Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs with rather stout branches, the winter buds large, enveloped by a single outer scale; 

 leaves usually entire, simple, petiolate; stipules membranous, adnate to the base of petiole and enclosing the young successive 

 leaves, the scar encircling the stem; flowers large, solitary, terminal, sessile or short-pendunculate, bisexual, the bud enclosed 

 in a stipular spathe; sepals 3, often petaloid; petals 6-12, in 2-4 series; stamens many, the anthers linear, the locules introrse; 



carpels many, 2-ovuled, on a conelike, woody receptacle; seeds with an aril. About 35 species, in temperate to warmer 



regions of eastern N. America, Mexico, West Indies, e. Asia, and the Himalayas. 



lA. Flowers after or with the leaves; fruit conelike, usually symmetrical, subglobose to oblong. 



2A. Evergreen tree; leaves thick-coriaceous; cultivated 1. M. grandiflora 



2B. Deciduous trees and shrubs. 



3A. Leaves 20-40 cm. long, mostly at the tip of the branches; branches and winter buds glabrous; flowers erect on a short stout 



peduncle 2. M. obovata 



3B. Leaves 6-18 cm. long, alternate on the branches. 



4.A.. Flowers erect, 12—15 cm. across, on a short stout peduncle 3. A/. X watsonii 



4B. Flowers nodding, 8-10 cm. across, on a rather long slender peduncle 4. M. sieboldii 



IB. Flowers appearing before the leaves, subsessile; fruit cylindric, usually curved and unsymmetric. 

 5A. Sepals 3, much shorter and narrower than the petals. 



6A. Flowers expanding, white or partially reddish; indigenous trees and shrubs. 



7A. Leaves broadly lanceolate to ovate-oblong, acute, glaucous and white-pubcrulent beneath; branches rather slender; flowers with- 

 out a small leaf at base of the peduncle 5. f>t. salicifolia 



7B. Leaves obovate, abruptly acuminate, pale green beneath; branches rather stout; flowers usually with a small leaf at base of 



the peduncle 6. M. kpbtu 



6B. Flowers not expanding, purplish, with ascending sepals and petals; leaves broadly obovate, 6-12 cm. wide; cultivated. 



7. M. liliflora 

 5B. Perianth segments similar in shape and color. 



8 A. Perianth-segments 9, obovate; leaves broadly obovate, 8-15 cm. long 8. M. dcnudata 



8B. Perianth-segments 12-18, oblanceolate; leaves narrowly obovate or broadly oblanceolate, 5-8 cm. long 9. M. stellata 



1. Magnolia grandiflora L. Taisan-boku. Evergreen beneath, tlie petioles about 2 cm. long; flowers cup-shaped, 



tree, the buds and young branches densely soft brown-tomen- erect, 15-20 cm. across, white, fragrant, on a short stout pcdun- 



tose; leaves coriaceous, oblong to narrowly so, or ovate, some- cle; fruit ovoid, 7-10 cm. long, brown-hairy. May-July. 



times ovate-oblong, 12-23 cm. long, 5-10 cm. wide, subobtuse Commonly planted in parks and gardens. se. United States. 



to subacute, lustrous and deep green above, brown-tomentose 



