474 Papaveraceae 



Fam. 96. PAPAVERACEAE Keshi Ka Poppy Family 



Usually herbs, glabrous or coarsely hairy, often glaucescent, usually with colored juice; leaves alternate, simple or pinnate, 

 stipules absent; flowers solitary, subumbellate or racemose, actinomorphic or zygomorphic; sepals 2(-4), free, usually caducous; 

 petals 4(-12); stamens many and indefinite or few and definite, sometimes with partially connate filaments; ovary superior, 1- 

 to 8-locular, the placentae parietal, nervehke or inflexed and septalike; style short, the stigma various, often discoid; fruit a 



capsule, dehiscent by valves or opening by pores, rarely indehiscent; seeds sometimes arillate. About 30 genera, with about 



500 species, mostly in the subtropics and cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Stamens many; petals if present not spurred; carpels 2-8; sepals usually large. 



IK. Placentae 4-8; stigma discoid; capsules globose to obovoid, opening by pores; flowers usually large and showy 1. Papaver 



2B. Placentae 2; stigma 2-fid; capsules compressed or linear, valves dehiscent to base. 



3A. Petals 4; capsules linear; ovules rather numerous , • • 2. Chelidonium 



3B. Petals absent; capsules cuneate-oblanceolate, flattened; ovules few 3. MacUaya 



IB. Stamens 4-6; carpels 2; sepals minute. 



4A. Stamens 6; filaments usually connate below; flowers spurred. 



5A. Outer 2 petals spurred or saccate at base 4. Dicentra 



5B. Upper petal only spurred or saccate at base 5. Corydalis 



4B. Stamens 4; filaments free; petals not spurred nor saccate at base; leaves radical, pectinately pinnate 6. Pteridophyllum 



1, PAPAVER L. Keshi Zoku 



Annuals, biennials, or perennials often with coarse hairs, usually glaucous, with milky juice; leaves usually pinnately lobed; 

 flowers large, showy, yellow, white, or red, long-pedunculate, nodding in bud, erect at anthesis; sepals 2, green, caducous; petals 

 large, 4; stamens many; ovary ovoid to globose or obovoid, 1- to many-locular, many-ovuled; stigma broadly discoid, radiately 



striate; capsules globose to obovoid, opening by apical pores; seeds minutely impressed-punctate. About 50 species, mostly in 



Eurasia, few in N. America. 



lA. Acaulescent; leaves and peduncles radical; flowers yellow; capsules hispid 1. P. jauriei 



IB. Caulescent, the stems leafy; peduncles cauline, axillary. 



2A. Perennial herb with long coarse hairs on stems and leaves; capsules glabrous 2. P. orientah 



2B. Annuals or biennials. 



3A. Hairy; leaves pinnatisect, not clasping 3. P. rhoeas 



3B. Glabrous; leaves pinnately cleft to incised, clasping 4. P. somnijerum 



1. Papaver fauriei Fedde. P. nudicaule var. jauriei Papaver bracteatum Lindl. P. orientde var. bracteatum 



Fedde; P. nudicaule sensu auct. Japon., non L. Rishiki- (Lindl.) Ledeb. Botangeshi. Flowers subtended by 2 



HiNAGESHi. Hispid perennial herb, 10-20 cm. high with rather large bracts. Cultivated in our area. 



short-tufted rhizomes; leaves radical, long-petiolate, ovate to 3. Papaver rhoeas L. Hinageshi. Biennial 30-80 cm. 



narrowly so, pinnately divided, the segments often 2- to 4- high, with coarse spreading hairs; stems erect, loosely 



lobed, the ultimate lobes oblong, acute; scapes 10-20 cm. high, branched, slender; leaves pinnately divided, toothed; pedun- 



erect, with spreading hairs below, the hairs appressed above; cles with coarse spreading hairs; sepals about 2 cm. long, 



sepals about 10 mm. long, ovate, densely rusty-brown hairy; hairy; petals white to deep red, 3-4 cm. long; capsules gla- 



petals greenish yellow, about 2 cm. long; capsules broadly el- brous, broadly obovoid, about 10 mm. long. May-July. 



lipsoidal, coarsely appressed-hairy, 7-11 mm. long, 6-10 mm. European plant commonly cultivated as an ornamental. 



across. July- Aug. Alpine gravelly slopes; Hokkaido (Ri- 4. Papaver somniferum L. Keshi. Large, coarse, 



shiri Isl.) ; very rare. glabrous, slightly branched, erect bieimial, 50-150 cm. high; 



2. Papaver orientale L. Onigeshi. Coarsely long- leaves glaucous, narrowly ovate to narrowly oblong, clasping, 

 hairy perennial herb, 60-100 cm. high; stems simple, erect, 1- irregularly incised and toothed, the lower ones pinnatifid; 

 flowered; leaves pinnately divided, the segments broadly lance- sepals glabrous, 1.5-2 cm. long; petals 4(-8), white or red- 

 olate, coarsely incised; calyx densely coarse-hairy, to 3 cm. purple, 5-7 cm. long; capsules ovoid-globose, glabrous, 4-6 



long; petals deep red, 5-6 cm. long, with a rather large black cm. long, 3.5^ cm. across. ^May-June. European plant 



spot at base; capsules broadly obovoid. May-June. A cultivated as a medicinal herb. 



Mediterranean plant often cultivated. 



2. CHELIDONITJM L. Kusa no^ Zoku 



Soft sometimes glaucescent annuals, biennials, or perennials with orange juice; stems leafy or acaulescent; leaves pinnately 

 divided; flowers solitary in leaf-axils or few in axillary umbels, rather large, yellow, pedicelled; sepals 2, green, caducous; petals 

 4; stamens many; placentae 2, parietal; style short, the stigma 2-lobed; capsules linear, glabrous, erect, dehiscent; seeds lustrous, 

 small, arillate. Few species, in Eurasia. 



lA. Biennial; stems leafy, 30-80 cm. long; umbels several-flowered, axillary, pedunculate; petals 10-12 mm. long. 



1 . C. majtis var. asiaiicum 

 IB. Perennial, rhizomatous; stems few-leaved above, 30-40 cm. long; flowers solitary or paired in axils; petals 2-2.5 cm. long. 



2. C. japonictim 



