ROSACEAE 



523 



7. DUCHESNEA Smith Hebi-ichico Zoku 



Stoloniferous perennial herbs; leaves alternate, 3(-5)-foliolate, toothed, petiolate, the stipules partially adnate to the base of 

 the petioles; pedicels axillary, solitary; flowers yellow, bisexual; calyx persistent, the tube spreading, short, the segments 5, the 

 bracts of the caliculus large, alternate with the calyx-segments, toothed; stamens 20-30; carpels many, free, inserted on a globose 



receptacle; achenes small, inserted on a cavity of the receptacle which is much accrescent and somewhat spongy in fruit. Few 



species in temperate and warmer regions in e. and s. Asia. 



lA. Achcncs distinctly rugose-tubercled, not shining; fruiting receptacles pinkish white, not shining, 8-12 mm. across, with a whitish 

 neck; plant smaller than the following I. D. chrysantha 



IB. Achenes nearly smooth, glossy when fresh; fruiting receptacles bright red, glossy, 11-20 mm. across, with a red neck; plant larger 

 than the preceding 2. D. indica 



1. Duchesnea chrysantha (Zoll. & Moritz.) Miq. Fra- 

 garia chrysantha Zoll. & Moritz.; F. indica var. wallichii Fr. & 

 Sav., excl. syn.; D. indica auct. Japon., non Focke; D. indica 

 var. japonica Kitam.; D. jormosana Odashima Hebi-ichi- 

 co. Rather soft green perennial herb with long, slender, 

 leafy stolons; leaflets ovate to ovate-orbicular, 2-3.5 cm. long, 

 1-3 cm. wide, acute, doubly or incised-toothed, thinly pubes- 

 cent with ascending hairs on both surfaces especially beneath, 

 the lateral leaflets often shallowly 2-lobed, the petioles with 

 short ascending hairs, the stipules narrowly ovate to broadly 

 lanceolate; calyx-segments narrowly ovate, acute, 5-8 mm. 

 long, the bracts of the caliculus slightly larger than the calyx- 

 segments, spreading, obovate; petals 5-10 mm. long; fruit 

 globose, about 10 mm. across, red, the achenes small, about 



1.5 mm. long. Apr.-June. Sunny grassy places in low- 

 lands, especially common around paddy fields; Hokkaido, 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. Korea, Manchuria, China to 



Malaysia. 



2. Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. Fragaria indica 

 Andrews; D. jragijormis J. E. Sm.; Potentilla denticulosa Ser.; 

 P. wallichiana Ser.; F. malayana Roxb.; F. roxburghii Wight 

 & Arn.; D. indica var. major Makino; D. major (Makino) 

 Makino Yabu-hebi-ichigo. Closely resembles the pre- 



ceding but slightly larger, deeper green; leaflets to 7 cm. long; 



receptacles dark-colored, glabrous; achenes nearly smooth. 



Apr.-May. Shady places in woods and on grassy slopes along 

 streams and in ravines in low mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, 

 Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common. China to India. 



8. FRAGARIA L. Oranda-ichigo Zoku 



Stoloniferous perennial herbs more or less long-pubescent; rhizomes rather stout; leaves radical, alternate, 3-foliolate, petioled, 

 the leaflets toothed, the stipules membranous, partially adnate to the base of the petiole; scapes radical, few-flowered; flowers 

 white; calyx persistent, with a caliculus outside; petals 5-8, as many as the calyx-segments; stamens many; receptacle semiglobose 

 to globose, much accrescent and globose to ellipsoidal and fleshy in fruit; carpels many, free, the style from the side of the 

 carpel; achenes small, glabrous. More than 10 species, in the temperate regions of the N. Hemisphere and in S. America. 



lA. Scapes rather many-flowered; plants rather coarse; cultivated 1. F. X ananassa 



IB. Scapes 1- to 5-flowered; plants slender; indigenous. 

 2A. Petals 5 (rarely 6), suborbicular; leaves green, paler beneath; anthers ovate. 

 3A. Stamens longer than the gynoecium. 



4A. Pedicels with ascending hairs 2. F. nipponica 



4B. Pedicels with spreading hairs i. F. yezocnsis 



3B. Stamens nearly as long as the g\noecium 4. f . vesca 



2B. Petals 7 or 8, obovate to narrowly so; leaves green and slightly glaucescent; anthers broadly elliptic 5. f . iiniimae 



1. Fragaria X ananassa Duchesne. F. chiloensis var. pubescence, as long as the leaves or slightly longer; flowers 



ananassa (Duchesne) L. H. Bailey; F. grandiflora Ehrh. 1.5-2 cm. across, on ascending-pubescent pedicels; calyx-seg- 



Oranda-ichigo. Rhizomes rather stout, with long stolons ments narrowly ovate, acuminate, appressed-pubescent outside; 



after anthesis; terminal leaflets broadly ovate or obovate, 5-8 stamens 3-4 mm. long; receptacles loosely short-pilose in fruit, 



cm. long, 4-6 cm. wide, dentate-serrate, whitish beneath with broadly ovoid to subglobose, about 10 mm. across, the achenes 



appressed pubescence especially on nerves beneath, the pedoles in pits on the receptacles, many, smooth or very obsoletely 



with ascending to spreading hairs; flowers 5-15 on a scape, nerved. May-July. Mountains; Honshu (Kanto and centr. 



2-2.5 cm. across, 5- to 6-merous; fruit globose to ovoid, 1.5-3 distr.), Kyushu (Yakushima). Korea (Quelpaert Isl.). 



cm. across, the achenes in pits on the fleshy receptacle. 3. Fragaria yezoensis Hara. F. nipponica var. yezo- 



Apr.-May. Hybrid of F. chiloensis X F. virginiana. Garden ensis (Hara) Kitam.; F. neglccta sensu auct. Japon., non 



strawberry widely cultivated for the edible fruit. Lindem. Ezo-kusa-ichigo. Closely resembles the pre- 



2. Fragaria nipponica Makino. F. vesca sensu auct. Ja- ceding; stoloniferous, the pubescence rather spreading; ter- 

 pon., non L.; F. elatior sensu auct. Japon., non Ehrh.; F. yal{u- minal leaflets rhombic-obovate, rounded at apex, dentate-ser- 



simensis Masam. Shirobana-no-hebi-ichigo. Rhizomes rate, with thinly silky pubescence on both sides, denser on 



rather thickened, short; terminal leaflets elliptic to broadly nerves beneath and on margin, the petioles with spreading 



ovate, 2-5 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, subobtuse, loosely ap- hairs; scapes to 15 cm. long, the pedicels with spreading pubcs- 



pressed-pubescent on upper side, pale green and prominendy cencc; flowers 1.5-2 cm. across; calyx-segments ovate-lancco- 



to disdnctly appressed-pubescent especially on nerves beneath, late, acute; stamens about 3.5 mm. long; receptacles pilose; 



the margin with ovate or subdeltoid teeth, the petioles widi achenes with 1 or 2 obsolete nerves on ventral side. Hok- 



spreading pubescence; scapes 1- to 4-flowered, widi spreading kaido (e. distr.). s. Kuriles. 



