538 



ROSACEAE 



spikes densely many-flowered, terminal; flowers white, greenish or pink, small, bisexual, sessile, with small bracts and bracteoles 

 at base; calyx-tube ovoid, enclosing an achene, constricted at apex, 4-angled or -winged, with 4 small petaloid lobes; petals 

 absent; stamens 4, rarely to 12, deciduous; carpel single, 1-ovuled; style terminal, the stigma fimbriate or pubescent; achenes 

 coriaceous. ^More than a dozen species, in temperate and cooler regions of the N. Hemisphere. 



lA. Spikes flowering first from the apex or all flowers opening at nearly the same time, rounded at the top; (rarely flowering first from the 

 bottom, if so the spikes deep rose-purple and nodding) . 

 2A. Stamens 4; spikes 2-7 cm. long. 



3A. Spikes ellipsoidal to obovoid-oblong, erect, 1-2 cm. long; flowers deep red to blood-red; filaments scarcely longer than the calyx- 

 lobes; leaflets usually petioluled 1.5. officinalis 



3B. Spikes cylindric or short-cylindric, 2-7 cm. long, often nodding above; flowers white, greenish or suffused with red; filaments 

 much longer than the calyx-lobes. 

 4A. Anthers dark colored when dry; leaflets broadly linear to narrowly oblong, sessile or short-petioluled; leaves and stems without 



curled hairs; flowers white to reddish 2. 5. tenuijolia 



4B. Anthers pale yellowish brown when dried; leaflets oblong to ovate-orbicular or ovate-cordate. 



5A. Leaflets petioluled; spikes white, often partly suffused with red; stems and leaf-rachises without curled hairs. . . 3. 5. albifiora 



5B. Leaflets nearly sessile; spikes pink; stems and leaf-rachises with reddish brown curled multicellular hairs 4. 5. obtusa 



2B. Stamens (4-) 6-12; spikes 4-10 cm. long, pinkish purple, nodding 5. 5. haktisanensis 



IB. Spikes flowering from the bottom upward, lanceolate-cylindric, obtuse or subobtuse at top, often gradually narrowed above; stamens 4, 

 much longer than the calyx-lobes; anthers pale yellowish brown when dry; flowers white or greenish, sometimes partially suffused 

 with red 6. 5. stipulata 



1, Sanguisorba ofiBcinalis L. Ware-moko. Glabrous moko. Flowers blood-red. Honshu (centr. distr.), and 



perennial herb scarcely glaucescent throughout; rhizomes Kyushu. ^The typical phase and some other varieties occur 



creeping, rather stout; stems erect, branching above, 30-100 in e. Siberia, Kamchatka, Kuriles, Sakhalin, Korea, and Man- 

 cm. long, often reddish; radical leaves petioled, the leaflets churia. 



5-11, oblong to elliptic, sometimes ovate, 2.5-5 cm. long, 1-2.5 3. Sanguisorba albiflora (Makino) Makino. S. cana- 



(-3.5) cm. wide, rounded at apex, cordate to rounded at base, densis var. media Maxim., pro parte; S. obtusa var. allnfiora 



deltoid-toothed, sessile or the petioles 6-30 mm. long, reddish, Makino; S. obtusa var. contraria Koidz.; S. amoena var. con- 



often with a small blade at the base, the cauline leaves smaller, traria (Koidz.) Koidz. Shirobana-to-uchi-s6. Nearly 



short-petioled or sessile; spikes few, long-peduncled, 1-2 (2.5) glabrous perennial herb with stems 30-70 cm. long; radical 



cm. long, 6-8 mm. across, erect, blood-red; calyx-segments leaves petioled, the leaflets 11-15, rather loosely arranged on 



dark colored at base in fruit; anthers dark brown; stigma the rachis, broadly to narrowly ovate or elliptic, 2.5-5 cm. 



capitellate. July-Oct. Meadows in lowlands and moun- long, 1.5-3 cm. wide, rounded at apex, cordate at base, 



tains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu; rather common. glaucous beneath, toothed, the petiolules 5-20 mm. long, dis- 



Var. camea (Fisch.) Regel. S. carnea Fisch. Ezo-ware- tinct, sometimes with a stipulelike small blade at base, the 



MOKO. Flowers flesh-red. Occurs with the typical phase. cauline leaves smaller, the petioles sometimes with white- 



Var. pilosella Ohwi. Urage-ware-moko. Leaves with appressed short hairs near the base; spikes 1-5 or sometimes 



spreading short hairs beneath. Honshu (Shinano Prov.). more, erect or slightly nodding above, 3-6 cm. long, 9-12 mm. 



2. Sanguisorba tenuifolia Fisch. var. alba Trautv. & across exclusive of the stamens; flowers white, often partially 



C. A. Mey. S. yezoensis Sieb., ex Miq. ^Nagabo-no-shiro- reddish, the peduncles sometimes with short reddish brown 



ware-moko. Glabrous perennial with stout short-creeping hairs; stamens 6-8 mm. long, flat and dilated above; stigma 



rhizomes; stems 80-130 cm. long, erect, branching above; rather large. Aug.-Sept. Alpine meadows; Honshu (n. 



radical leaves petioled, the leaflets 11-15, broadly linear to nar- distr.) ; rather common. 



rowly oblong, 3-8 cm. long, 5-20 mm. wide, obtuse or acute, 4. Sanguisorba obtusa Maxim. Nambu-t6-uchi-s6. Re- 

 acutely toothed, usually sessile; spikes cylindric, erect or the sembles the preceding but not as tall, 30-50 cm. high; stems, 

 longer ones nodding, 2-7 cm. long, 6-7 mm. across exclusive leaf-rachises and sometimes also the midrib on the leaflets be- 

 of the stamens, the axis short-pubescent; flowers greenish neath near base with reddish brown curled multicellular 

 white or white, often partially reddish, about 3 mm. across; hairs; leaflets 13-17, rather densely arranged on the rachis, 

 calyx-segments yellowish or brownish below in fruit; filaments thicker than in No. 3, nearly sessile, the veinlets more promi- 

 white, 1.5-2.5 times as long as the calyx-lobes, slightly nent beneath than in the preceding; spikes 4-7 cm. long, nod- 

 broadened above, the anthers dark purple. Aug.-Oct. Wet ding, pale rose; stamens 8-10 mm. long; stigma smaller than 



meadows and wet places along streams in lowlands and moun- in No. 3. Aug.-Sept. Alpine meadows; Honshu (Mount 



tains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; very variable. Hayachine) ; rare. 



Var. grandiflora Maxim. 5. tenuijolia var. \urilensis 5. Sanguisorba hakusanensis Makino. Kara-ito-so. 



Kudo; S. grandiflora (Maxim.) Makino Chishima-ware- Nearly glabrous or sparingly reddish brown hairy; stems 40-80 



MOKO. Stems shorter; leaflets broadly oblong to elliptic or cm. long, erect, few-leaved, often branching above; radical 



broadly ovate; spikes thicker; filaments longer. Northern leaves long-petioled, the leaflets 9-13, oblong or ovate-oblong, 



and alpine. 3-6 cm. long, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, rounded at apex, cordate to 



Var. parviflora Maxim. S. parviflora (Maxim.) Takeda; rounded at base, coarsely toothed, glaucescent beneath, the 



S. tenuifolia var. angustifolia Miq. Kobana-no-ware-mok6. petiolules 3-7 mm. long, the cauline leaves smaller, often with 



Leaflets narrower; spikes narrowly cylindric. ^Western part soft appressed hairs beneath near base; spikes few, pendulous, 



of our area. long-cylindric, 4-10 cm. long, about 10 mm. across exclusive 



Var. purpurea Trautv. & C. A. Mey. Nagabo-no-aka-ware- of the stamens; flowers deep rose-purple; stamens 7-10 mm. 



