Linaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Rutaceae 581 



them, sometimes with intervening staminodes, the filaments connate at base; ovary superior, 3- to 5-locuIar, the loculcs often 

 divided, with 2 ovules in each locule, the styles 3-4, free, filiform; capsules loculicidally dehiscent; seeds flat, the endosperm 

 copious or absent, the embryo erect, the cotyledons flat. About 6 genera, with about 150 species, chiefly in temperate regions. 



1. LINUM L. Ama Zoku 



Herbs, sometimes woody, glabrous or rarely hairy; stipules absent or glandlike; leaves alternate or opposite, narrow, 1- to 

 many-nerved; flowers yellow, blue, rose or white, in axillary or terminal racemes or loose racemelike cymes; sepals 5, entire, 

 persistent; petals 5, deciduous; stamens 5, connate at base, usually alternating with small staminodes; glands 5, small, at the base 

 of the filaments and opposite the petals; ovary 5-locular, with 2 ovules in each locule, die styles 5; capsules 5-valved; seeds 

 with scanty endosperm, the embryo straight. .'\bout 90 species, chiefly in the temperate and warmer regions. 



lA. Sepals elliptic or broadly ovate, abruptly acute, 3-3.5 mm. long, with a few projecting black glands on margin; flowers about 1 cm. 



across; capsules 3.5-4 mm. across I . L. stdleroides 



IB. Sepals ovate-oblong, acuminate, 5-7 mm. long, eglandular; flowers 1.5-2 cm. across; capsules about 7 mm. across. . . 2. L. iisitatissimum 



1. Linum stelleroides Planch. Matsuba-ninjin. Gla- rather rare. China, Korea, Manchuria, and e. Siberia. 



brous annual; stems terete, 40-60 cm. long, branched above; 2. Linum usitatissimum L. Ama. Glabrous annual; 

 leaves broadly linear, 1-3 cm. long, 2-3 mm. wide, obtuse and stems terete, 30-100 cm. long, often branching; leaves flat, 

 mucronate or acute, 3-nerved, entire, slightly narrowed at base, broadly linear, 2-3.5 cm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, acute to acumi- 

 sessile; flowers rose-colored, in loose racemes on branchlets, nate, gradually and slighdy narrowed at base, glaucous, sessile; 

 the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, erect; sepals elliptic or broadly flowers white or blue, the pedicels 2-A cm. long; sepals ovate- 

 ovate, 3-3.5 mm. long, abruptly acute, obsoletely 3-nerved at oblong, 5-7 mm, long, entire, eglandular, acuminate, 3-nerved; 

 base, green with a few black projecung glands on the rather petals obovate, about 10 mm. long; stigma decurrent along the 



membranous margins; petals obovate; stigma terminal, capi- inner side of styles; capsules globose, about 7 mm. across. 



tellate; capsules globose, 3.5-4 mm. across; seeds oblong, flat, June-Aug. Widely cultivated and someumes sparsely natu- 



brown, lustrous, about 2 mm. long. Aug.-Sept. Grassy ralized in our area. Centr. Asia. 



slopes in mountains; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; 



Fam. 109. ZYGOPHYLLACEAE Hamabishi Ka Caltrop Family 



Shrubs or herbs woody at the base; branches often jointed at nodes; leaves opposite or alternate, pinnate or bifoliolate, the 

 sdpules persistent, often spinelike; flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, white, red, or blue, rarely yellow; sepals 

 5, rarely 4, imbricate, rarely valvate; petals 4 or 5, rarely absent, imbricate or contorted, rarely valvate; disc usually present; 

 stamens as many or 2 or 3 times as many as the petals, free, often with scales on inner side; ovary superior, usually 4- or 5-locular, 

 rarely to 12-Iocular; style simple; ovules usually 2 in each locule, sometimes many; fruit various, but not a berry; seeds usually 

 with endosperm. About 21 genera, with about 160 species, in sandy areas and deserts of the Tropics and warmer regions. 



1. TRIBULUS L. Hamabishi Zoku 



Herbs with usually long-creeping branches; leaves even-pinnate, stipulate, opposite or one of each of the pairs reduced, thus 

 appearing alternate; flowers solitary, pedunculate, axillary, white to yellow; sepals 5, often persistent, imbricate; petals 5, im- 

 bricate; disc annular, 10-lobed; stamens 10, at the base of the disc, the outer 5 slightly longer, opposite the petals, the inner 

 with a gland outside at base; ovary sessile, 5- to 12-locular, the style short, the stigmas 5-12; ovules 1-5 in each locule; fruit 5- 

 angled, indehiscent, separating into 5-12 horny or bony nudets at maturity, with wings, spines, or tubercles on back; seeds with- 

 out endosperm, the testa membranous. More than a dozen species, in the Tropics and subtropics, especially abundant in 



Africa. 



1. Tribulus terrestris L. Hamabishi. Annual or bi- long, gradually acute, deciduous, densely pilose on back; 



ennial, coarsely hirsute and puberulous on stems, leaf-rachis, petals yellow, slightly exceeding the sepals; ovary densely 



and peduncles; stems branched, elongate, long-creeping, to 1 pubescent; fruit about 1 cm. across, separating into 5 woody 



m. long, striate; leaves 1-6 cm. long including the short-petiole, nutlets, each with firm tubercles and 2 thick spines on back. 



the stipules free, lanceolate, about 3 mm. long, the leaflets of July-Oct. Sandy seashores; Honshu (Kanto Distr. and 



4-8 pairs, oblong, 8-15 mm. long, 3-4 mm. wide, subobtuse, Wakasa Prov. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. Widespread 



oblique at base, entire, white-pubescent especially on under in all tropical regions, 

 side; peduncles 1-2 cm. long; sepals ovate-oblong, 4-5 mm. 



Fam. 110. RUTACEAE Mikan Ka Citrus Family 



Shrubs or trees, sometimes herbs, with pellucid glands; leaves simple or compound, exstipulate; flowers bisexual, sometimes 

 unisexual; sepals 4 or 5, imbricate; petals imbricate, free; stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, sometimes more 

 numerous; disc usually present on the inner side of the stamens; ovary superior, the carpels 4 or 5, connate to free; ovules often 



2 in each locule; fruit a berry, drupe, or capsule; seeds sometimes with endosperm, the embryo straight or curved. About 



100 genera, with about 1,000 species in warm temperate and tropical regions, especially abundant in Australia and S. Africa. 



