582 RUTACEAE 



lA. Ovary 2- to 5-parted to the base or nearly so; style and stigma often connate; fruit a capsule or follicle or consisting of nutlets. 

 2A. Ligneous; carpels usually with 2 ovules. 



3A. Inflorescence axillary or terminal; leaves usually pinnate. 



4A. Leaves alternate I . Zanthoxylum 



4B. Leaves opposite 2. Evodia 



3B. Inflorescence supra-axillary; leaves simple, alternate 3. Orixa 



2B. Herbaceous; carpels usually with 6-8 ovules 4. Boenninghatisenia 



IB. Ovary connate or only slightly 2- to 5-lobed; style simple, terminal; fruit an indehiscent drupe or berry. 

 5A. Fruit a drupe, with 2-5 stones. 



6A. Trees; leaves deciduous, pinnately compound, opposite 5. Phellodendron 



6B. Shrubs; leaves evergreen, simple, alternate 6. Skimmia 



5B. Fruit a berry. 



7A. Stamens 10, free; ovules solitary in each locule; styles very short, not jointed with the ovary, persistent 7. Glycosmis 



7B. Stamens 20-30, often connate; ovules many in each locule; styles jointed with the ovary, deciduous 8. Citrus 



1. ZANTHOXYLUM L. Sansho Zoku 



Shrubs or trees sometimes prickly, sometimes dioecious; leaves alternate, odd-pinnate, rarely 1- or 3-foliolate, the leaHets 

 entire or obtusely toothed; inflorescence often paniculate-cymose; flowers small, green or greenish white, polygamous or uni- 

 sexual; calyx 3- to 5-lobed, small, imbricate; petals 3-5 or absent; staminate flowers without a disc, the stamens 3-5; pistillate 

 flowers with a small disc, the stamens absent or scalelike; carpels 1-5, each 1-locular, free; styles free or connate, the stigma 

 capitate; ovules 2 in each locule, parallel; fruitlets 1-5, dehiscent, 1-seeded; seeds ellipsoidal, black, lustrous, the endosperm fleshy. 

 About 150 species, chiefly in warmer regions. 



lA. Flowers apetalous; branchlets usually with a large prickle on each side of the leaf-base; stamens alternate with the calyx-lobes. 



2A. Evergreen shrub with prickles much flattened laterally; petioles winged; leaflets 3—7, 3-8 cm. long 1. Z. planispinum 



2B. Deciduous shrub with prickles thickened at base; petioles wingless; leaflets 11—19, 1—3.5 cm. long 2. Z. piperitum 



IB. Flowers with petals; branchlets irregularly prickly; stamens alternate with the petals. 



3A. Shrubs with slender branches; leaflets 1.5-5 cm. long, nearly destitute of pellucid glands except on the margins, not glaucous. 



3. Z. schinifolium 

 3B. Trees with rather thick branchlets; leaflets (3.5-)5-12 cm. long, with pellucid glands, usually glaucescent beneath. 



4A. Leaves 15-30 cm. long; leaflets 3.5-8 cm. long; branches of inflorescence glabrous or loosely puberulous 4. Z. fauriei 



4B. Leaves 30-80 cm. long; leaflets 5-15 cm. long; branches of inflorescence rather densely puberulous on one side. 



5. Z. ailanthoides 



1. Zanthoxylum planispinum Sieb. & Zucc. Z. datum cal phase and the preceding form. Forma ovalifoliolatum 



Roxb. var. planispinum (Sieb. & Zucc.) Rehd. & Wils.; Z. ala- (Nakai) Makino. Z. ovalifoliolatum Nakai Ryujin-zan- 



tum var. subtrijoliolatum Franch. Fuyuzansho. Dioe- sho. Leaflets 3-5, ovate. Rarely cultivated. 



cious shrub; prickles on branches at base of each leaf 2, 3. Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. & Zucc. Z. man- 



spreading, 1.2-1.5 cm. long, prominently flattened and dilated tchuricum Benn.; Fagara schinifolia (Sieb. & Zucc.) Engl.; F. 



at base; petioles 1-3 cm. long, winged; leaves pinnately 3- to mantchurica (Benn.) Honda Inuzansho. Deciduous 



5(-7)-foliolate, the leaflets sessile, broadly lanceolate to nar- dioecious shrub with loosely prickly branches; leaves 8-20 cm. 

 rowly oblong, 3-7 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, acute to acumi- long, short-petiolate, the leaflets 13-23, sessile, broadly lanceo- 

 nate, often emarginate, glabrous or spreading-pilose on the late to narrowly ovate, 1.5-4(-5) cm. long, 6-15 mm. wide, 

 midrib beneath, with pellucid glands on margins, entire or emarginate, sometimes minutely pubescent, obtusely toothed 

 obtusely toothed; inflorescence a nearly sessile axillary raceme with a pellucid gland in each sinus; inflorescence a dense 

 often branched at base, 1-3 cm. long; flowers pale yellow. many-flowered cyme, terminal on branchlets; calyx-lobes mi- 

 May. Low mountains; Honshu (Kanto and westw.), Shi- nute; petals oblong, about 2 mm. long, greenish. Aug. 



koku, Kyushu. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, and Korea. Low mountains; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common and 



2. Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. Fagara piperita variable. Korea, China, and Manchuria. 



L. Sansho. Dioecious shrub; prickles on branches at 4. Zanthoxylum fauriei (Nakai) Ohwi. Fagara fauriei 



base of leaves 2, 5-8 mm. long; leaves puberulous while Nakai; F. shiliokiana Makino; ? Z. ailanthoides X Z. schini- 



young, 5-15 cm. long, short-petiolate, the leaflets 11-19, sessile, folium Ko-karasuzansh6. Dioecious tree; branches thick, 



broadly lanceolate to ovate, 1-3.5 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide, reddish when young, often glaucescent, loosely or densely and 



emarginate, cuneate to obtuse at base, obtusely toothed with irregularly prickly; leaves glabrous, 15-30 cm. long, the peti- 



pellucid glands in the sinus; inflorescence terminal on short oles about 3 cm. long, the leaflets subsessile, broadly lanceo- 



branches, pedunculate, many-flowered; flowers greenish yel- late, 3.5-8 cm. long, l-1.5(-2) cm. wide, gradually narrowed 



low, small. Apr.-May. Hills and mountains; Hokkaido, to an emarginate apex, pellucid-dotted, minutely toothed 



Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rather common and frequently with a pellucid gland in each sinus; inflorescence a dense 



cultivated. Korea, Manchuria, and China. Forma many-flowered terminal cyme; calyx-lobes minute; petals ob- 



inerme (Makino) Makino. Z. piperitum var. inerme Ma- long, about 2 mm. long. Aug. Honshu (Tokaido and 



kino AsAKURAZANSHo. Unarmed. The seeds and young Kinki Distr.), Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. s. Korea. 



leaves are used as a spice and the plant is often planted for 5. Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. Fagara 



this purpose. ^Forma brevispinosa Makino. Yama-asa- ailanthoides (Sieb. & Zucc.) Engl. Karasuzansho. Gla- 



KURAZANSHO. Pticklcs short. Intermediate between the typi- brous dioecious tree with thick, prickly branches; leaves 30-80 



