POLYGALACEAE 



587 



anthers opening by terminal pores; ovary superior, usually 2-locular, the styles simple, the ovule usually solitary in each locuie; 



fruit a capsule or drupe, the seeds often pilose and strophiolate, the endosperm present, the embryo straight. About 10 genera, 



with about 700 species, in tropical to temperate regions. 



\.\. Sepals unequal, 2 larger and winglikc; stamens 8; flowers relatively large 1. Polygala 



1 B. Sepals slightly unequal; stamens 4; flowers small or minute 2. Salomonia 



1. POLYGALA L. Hime-haci Zoku 



Herbs, shrubs, or rarely small trees; leaves usually cxstipulate; flowers usually in racemes, yellow or purple; sepals 5, unequal; 

 petals 3, unequal, adnate to each other and to the stamen-tube, the lowest clawed; stamens 8 or very rarely fewer; ovary 



2-locular, with one ovule in each locuie; capsules loculicidally dehiscent, 2-seeded, the seeds ovoid or globose. About 450 



species, chiefly in temperate regions, the woody species chiefly in die warmer regions of the world. 



lA. Sepals persistent; small perennial 1. P. japonica 



1 B. Sepals deciduous after anthesis. 



2\. Annual with leaves 1-3 cm. long; flowers about 2 mm. long 2. P. tatarinowii 



2B. Perennial with leaves 8-12 cm. long; flowers about 2 cm. long 3. P. reinii 



1. Polygala japonica Houtt. P. sibirica var. japonica peduncles about 1 cm. long; flowers many, small, pale purple, 



(Houtt.) T. Ito ex T. Ito & Matsum.; P. Aon<fo£'?z.f/j' Nakai about 2 mm. long, one-sided, densely disposed on the axis, 



HiME-HAGi. Small perennial; roots elongate; stems 10-30 cm. the pedicels 1-1.5 mm. long; capsules rounded, flat, about 3 



long, slender, green, prostrate or decumbent from a short cau- mm. wide, wingless; seeds ellipsoidal, 1-1.2 mm. long, puber- 



dex, ascending above, tufted, with scattered minute curved ulous, with a small strophiole at apex. July-Oct. Honshu, 



hairs; leaves chartaceous, very short petiolate, elliptic to ovate or Shikoku, Kyushu; rather rare. Korea, n. China, e. Siberia, 



broadly lanceolate, l-2.5(-3) cm. long, 3-12 mm. wide, acute and India. 



to subobtuse at both ends, vivid green, slightly puberulous or 3. Polygala reinii Fr. & Sav. Kaki-no-ha-gusa. Fig. 10. 

 glabrate, with a raised midrib beneath, the reticulated vein- Soft, puberulous to glabrous green perennial with thick roots 

 lets rather prominent above; racemes loosely few-flowered, 1-3 and rather thick woody rhizomes; stems 20-35 cm. long, erect, 

 cm. long, the peduncles short, supra-axillary; flowers purple; usually simple, green, terete, rather thick; leaves thin, few, 

 lateral sepals ovate, obtuse, rather petallike, 5-7 mm. long, mostly toward the top of the stems, obovate-oblong to oblong, 

 accrescent after anthesis, to 10 mm. long, becoming green in 8-17 cm. long, 3-7 cm. wide, abruptly acute to abrupdy 

 fruit, the remaining sepals lanceolate, 3-4 mm. long; petals acuminate, acute or gradually narrowed at base, short-petio- 

 connate, spreading above, 6-7 mm. long, the lowest one with late, thin, soft, green, slighdy paler beneath; racemes solitary, 

 a fimbriate appendage at apex; capsules flat, winged on the terminal, about 10-flowered, 2-5 cm. long, erect; flowers short- 

 margins, rounded-cordate, retuse, 7-8 mm. wide, membranous, pedicelled, yellow, about 2 cm. long, the 2 lateral sepals larger, 

 glabrous; seeds ellipsoidal, brown, about 2.5 mm. long, white- broadly oblanceolate, obtuse, as long as the petals, the 2 



pilose, strophiolate on upper margin. .Apr.-July. Grassy smaller sepals oblong, obtuse to rounded, ciliate, the upper 



slopes in lowlands and hills; Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, one rather longer, bowed out on the back, about 7 mm. long; 



Kyushu; very common. Ryukyus, Formosa, China, Korea, petals 3, connate, about 2 cm. long, the lowest with a fimbriate 



Manchuria, and Ussuri. appendage at apex; fruit depressed-orbicular, glabrous, about 10 



2. Polygala tatarinowii Regel. P. triphylla Hamilt., mm. wide, longitudinally ribbed; seeds about 4 mm. long, 



non Burm.; P. sieboldiana Miq. Hina-no-kinchaku. reddish brown. Woods in hills and low mountains; Hon- 



Nearly glabrous, erect, delicate, green annual; stems 4-12 cm. shu (Tokaido and Kinki Distr.); rather common. Forma 



long, angular, often branched at base; leaves several, orbicu- angustifolia (Makino) Ohwi. P. reinii var. angiistijoUa 



lar-ovate to elliptic, 1-3 cm. long, acute to obtuse, abruptly Makino Nagaba-kaki-no-ha-gusa. Leaves narrow, lanceo- 



narrowed to a winged petiolelike short base, entire, ciliolate; late. 



racemes terminal, elongate after anthesis, to 8 cm. long, the 



2, SALOMONIA Lour. Hina-no-kanzashi Zoku 



Small herbs w'ith alternate often much-reduced scalelike leaves; flowers minute, in terminal spikes; sepals nearly equal or 

 the inner 2 larger; petals 3, connate into a corolla split above, unappendaged; stamens 4 (-5), the anthers opening by pores; 

 ovary 2-locular; capsules membranous, flat, transversely oblong to obcordate, often ciliate, loculicidally dehiscent, the seeds 

 globose, without endosperm, the strophioles minute or absent. About 10 species, in the Tropics of Asia and Australia. 



L Salomonia oblongifolia DC. S. striata Sieb. & Zucc. 



HiNA-No-KANZASHi. Glabrous, delicate annual; stems 



8-25 cm. long, slender, striate, simple or with ascending 

 branches; leaves nearly sessile, oblong or elliptic, 3-8 mm. 

 long or the upper lanceolate ones to 12 mm. long, 1.5-4 mm. 

 wide, mucronate, entire or with few spinulcs on the upper 

 margin; spikes many-flowered, at first short and dense, later 



elongating, 2-6 cm. long; flowers sessile, rose-purple, about 2 

 mm. long; sepals lanceolate, less than 1 mm. long; lateral 

 petals shorter than the lower; capsules less than 2 mm. wide, 

 glabrous, reniform, flat, with a few spines on the margins, the 



seeds about 0.8 mm. long, ellipsoidal, dull. Aug.-Sept. 



Wet places in lowlands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; rare. 



Formosa, s. Korea, India, Malaysia, and Australia. 



