588 EUPHORBIACEAE 



Fam. 114. EUPHORBIACEAE Todaigusa Ka Spurge Family 



Herbs or shrubs, sometimes trees, usually with milky juice; leaves alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate, simple or com- 

 pound, usually stipulate; flowers unisexual; sepals imbricate or valvate, sometimes absent; petals sometimes absent; stamens 1 

 to many, free or connate, the anthers 2 (-4)-locular; ovary usually 3-locular, the styles free or connate at base, the ovules 1 or 2 

 in each locule, pendulous; fruit a capsule or drupe, the seeds often with a distinct hilum, the endosperm fleshy, the embryo 

 straight. About 280 genera, with about 8,000 species, chiefly in the Tropics. 



lA. Fruit a drupe; ovary incompletely 2- to 4-locular, vi^ith 2 ovules in each locule; evergreen trees or shrubs 1. Daphniphylltim 



IB. Fruit a capsule, rarely a drupe; ovary completely 3- to many-locular or 1-locular in Antidesma. 

 2A. Inflorescence various, but not a cyathium. 

 3A. Ovules 2 in each locule. 



4A. Inflorescence an axillary fascicle; ovary 3- to many-locular. 

 5A. Styles slender; herbs or shrubs. 



6A. Staminate flowers without a reduced pistil. 



7A. Flowers with a disc 2. PhyllantJms 



7B. Flowers without a disc 3. Glochidion 



6B. Staminate flowers with a reduced pistil 4. Securinega 



5B. Styles dilated; evergreen tree 5. Putranjiva 



4B. Inflorescence a spike or raceme; ovary 1-locular; fruit a 1-seeded, indehiscent drupe 6. Antidesma 



3B. Ovules solitary in each locule. 



8A. Sepals of staminate flowers valvate; stamens usually many. 

 9A. Herbs. 



lOA. Leaves alternate; anthers cylindric-oblong, usually curved 7. Acalypha 



lOB. Leaves opposite; anthers nearly globose 8. Mercunahs 



9B. Trees; anthers oblong 9. Mallotus 



8B. Sepals of staminate flowers imbricate; stamens 2 or 3; trees 10. Sapium 



2B. Inflorescence a cyathium, consisting of much-reduced unisexual flowers surrounded by a cuplike involucre 11. Euphorbia 



1. DAPHNIPHYLLUM Bl. Yuzuri ha Zoku 



Glabrous, evergreen, dioecious trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, entire, pedolate, exstipulate; flowers small, apetalous, in axillary 

 racemes; sepals 3-8, minute; stamens 5-18, the filaments short, the anthers conspicuous; ovary incompletely 2- to 4-locular, with 2 

 ovules in each locule, the styles 2-4, short, reflexed; fruit an ellipsoidal drupe; endosperm abundant, the embryo minute, 

 straight, at the top of the seed. About 25 species, in e. and se. Asia. 



lA. Sepals fully evident; starainodes in pistillate flowers distinct, sometimes with reduced anthers; veinlets of leaves rather scattered, 

 scarcely raised beneath 1- -D- macropodum 



IB. Sepals very small, less evident but distinct; staminodes in pistillate flowers scarcely developed; veinlets of leaves rather dense, often 

 reticulate, raised beneadi 2. D. teijsmannii 



1. Daphniphyllum macropodum Miq. Yuzuri-ha. Var. humile (Maxim.) Rosenth. D. humile Maxim.; D. 



Evergreen, glabrous tree with thick green branchlets; leaves jezoense Bean Ezo-yuzuri-ha. Shrub, branched at base; 



coriaceous, fascicled at the tips of branchlets, narrowly oblong leaves 10-15 cm. long, thinner, with 12-15 pairs of lateral 



or narrowly obovate-oblong, 15-20 cm. long, 4-7 cm. wide, nerves. Woods; Hokkaido, Honshu (Japan Sea side of 



abrupriy acute, acute to obtuse at base, entire, deep green and centr. distr. and northw.). ^Korea. 



lustrous on upper side, glaucous beneath, the lateral nerves 2. Daphniphyllum teijsmannii Zoll. D. roxburghii 



16-19 pairs, the petioles reddish, 4-6 cm. long; racemes axil- sensu auct. Japon., non H. Baill.; D. buergeri Muell.-Arg.; D. 



lary, 4-8 cm. long; flowers yellowish green, pedicellate, the glaucescens sensu auct. Japon., non Bl. Hime-yozuri-ha. 



staminate with about 10 stamens; ovary in the pistillate flow- Evergreen, glabrous tree with thick branchlets; leaves coria- 



ers ellipsoidal to broadly ovoid, about 2 mm. long, sur- ceous, oblong or narrowly so, 6-12 cm. long, abruptly acute to 



rounded at the base by a series of staminodes, the styles 2 (-4) ; rounded at base, glaucous beneath, with 8-10 pairs of lateral 



drupe ellipsoidal, dark blue, about 1 cm. long. May-June. nerves, the petioles 1.5-3 cm. long; racemes 4-8 cm. long, 



Woods; Honshu (centr. distr. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu, several-flowered; flowers pedicellate, the staminate with about 



s. Korea. Cv. Variegatum. D. macropodum forma 8-stamens; ovary in pistillate flowers broadly ovoid; fruit 



variegatum (Bean) Rehd.; Tetranthera Ihuysii Carr.; D. ellipsoidal, 8-10 mm. long. May. Honshu (centr. distr. 



macropodum var. variegatum Bean; D. macropodum var. and westw.), Shikoku, Kyushu. ^Ryukyus and Formosa. 



Ihuysii (Carr.) Nakai; D. macropodum forma Ihuysii (Carr.) Var. hisautii Hurusawa. Suruga-hime-yuzdri-ha. 



Ohwi FuiRi-YUzuRi-HA. Leaves variegated. Cultivated. Leaves thinner, chartaceous, with petioles 3-5 cm. long; 



Forma viridipes (Nakai) Ohwi. D. macropodum var. fruiting racemes pendulous. With the typical phase. 



viridipes Nakai Aojiku-yuzuri-ha, Inu-ydzuri-ha. Peti- 

 oles green, not reddish. 



2. PHYLLANTHUS L. Ko-mikan-so Zoku 



Dioecious or monoecious herbs or shrubs; leaves usually small, entire, often distichous, although arranged like leaflets of a 

 pinnate leaf; flowers unisexual, with a well-developed disc; sepals 4-6, in two cycles, sometimes petallike; stamens in staminate 



