EUPHORBIACEAE 



589 



flowers usually 3, sometimes 2 to 5, the filaments free or connate; ovary in pistillate flowers 3- to sevcral-locular, the styles 



sometimes bifid; fruit a capsule, sometimes fleshy; seeds 3-angled in cross section, rounded on back. About 500 species, 



chiefly in the Tropics and subtropics, few in temperate regions. 



lA. Monoecious annuals. 

 2A. Capsules nearly sessile, transversely rugose; stems without ordinary leaves except at base, these on the branches, obovate-oblong or 



narrowly oblong, rounded, mucronate 1. P. urinaria 



2B. Capsules short-pedicellate, smooth; stems and branchlets leafy; leaves broadly lanceolate or narrowly oblong, rather obtuse. 



2. P. matsumurae 

 IB. Dioecious shrub; leaves elliptic or ovate, obtuse to subobtuse; fruit pedicellate, berrylike, smooth 3. P. fle 



1. Phyllanthus urinaria L. P. lepidocarpus Sieb. & 



Zucc. Ko-MiKAN-s6. Glabrous, monoecious annual often 



reddish in sunny places; stems erect, 5-30 cm. long, branched, 

 with few ordinary leaves at bases of stems, and scale-leaves on 

 steins subtending the branches, the branchlets ascending- 

 spreading, slightly flattened, narrowly winged, 5-12 cm. long; 

 leaves on branches obovate-oblong or narrowly oblong, 7-17 

 mm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, rounded, mucronate, obliquely 

 rounded and subsessile at base, entire, minutely scabrous on 

 margins, whiush beneath; flowers subsessile, about 4 mm. 

 across; sepals 6, oblong; stamens 3, the anthers splitting trans- 

 versely, the filaments connate; capsules depressed-globose, 

 about 2.5 mm. across, pendulous, transversely rugose with 

 raised, red-brown lines, the styles free, minute, bifid; seeds 

 transversely rugose, about 1.2 mm. across.- — — July-Oct. Waste 



places and fields; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common. 



Widely scattered in the Tropics and subtropics. 



2. Phyllanthus matsumurae Hayata. Hime-mikan-s6. 

 Glabrous, monoecious annual; stems slender, sparsely 

 branched at base, the branches narrowly winged or striate on 

 one side; leaves broadly lanceolate to narrowly oblong, some- 

 times ellipdc, 7-20 mm. long, 3-6 mm. wide, subacute to ob- 

 tuse, rarely rounded at apex, obtuse and subsessile at base, en- 

 tire, smooth, whiush beneath; flowers pale green, small; sepals 

 of pistillate flowers 6, minute, oblong, reflexed in fruit; cap- 



sules pendulous, short pedicellate, depressed-globose, pale yel- 

 lowish green, smooth, about 2.5 mm. across, the styles 3, free, 

 short bifid; seeds yellowish brown, about 1.2 mm. long, irreg- 

 ularly and longitudinally striate with dark brown minute dots. 

 Aug.-Oct. Thickets and grassy, and waste places in low- 

 lands; Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu; common but not abundant. 

 3. Phyllanthus flexuosus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Muell.-Arg. 

 Cicca flexuosa Sieb. & Zucc; Glochidion flexuosus (Sieb. & 

 Zucc.) Fr. & Sav.; Hetnicicca japonica H. Baill.; P. japonicus 

 (H. Baill.) Muell.-Arg.; H. flexuosa (Sieb. & Zucc.) Huru- 



sawa KoBAN-No-Ki. Glabrous, dioecious, low shrub; 



branchlets 8-15 cm. long, deciduous; leaves alternate, elliptic 

 or ovate, 2^.5 cm. long, 1-2.5 cm. wide, obtuse to broadly so, 

 rounded at base, entire, smooth, vivid green to glaucous on 

 upper side, glaucous or whitish beneath, the petioles 2-3 mm. 

 long; flowers about 3.5 mm. across, the staminate short-pedi- 

 cellate; sepals 4, rounded, dark reddish; disc annular; stamens 

 2, rarely 3, the anthers ellipsoidal, longitudinally dehiscent; 

 pistillate flowers pale green, the pedicels 1-1.5 cm. long, grad- 

 ually thickened on upper part; sepals 3, deciduous, elliptic; 

 fruit depressed globose, about 6 mm. across, becoming berry- 

 like when mature; styles connate and short-cylindric, deeply 



3-lobed, the sdgma entire; seeds about 3 mm. long. May. 



Thickets in mountains; Honshu (Kinki Distr. and westw.), 

 Shikoku, Kyushu. China. 



3. GLOCHIDION Forst. 



Kankono-ki Zoku 



Shrubs, trees or herbs; leaves alternate, often regularly arranged on branchlets in one plane; flowers unisexual, usually 5- to 

 6-merous, without a disc; sepals of staminate flowers 3-8, more or less connate at base, the connective exserted at tip; ovary in 



pistillate flowers 3- to several-locular, the styles usually connate in a short, thick column; fruit a capsule; seeds not arillate. 



About 150 species, in tropical Asia, the Pacific Islands, and Malaysia. 



lA. Branches, underside of leaves especially on nerves, and flowers distinctly pubescent 1. G. triandrtim 



IB. Branches and other parts glabrous. 



2A. Leaves obovate to cuncate-obovate, 2.5-8 cm. long, 1.2—3 cm. wide, cuneate at base 2. G. obovattim 



2B. Leaves ovate-oblong to ovate, 7-18 cm. long, 4-8 cm. wide, rounded at base 3. G. hongkpngense 



1. Glochidion triandrum (Blanco) C. B. Robinson, obovatus (Sieb. & Zucc.) Muell.-Arg. Kanko-no-ki. 



Kirganelia triandra Blanco; G. bicolor Hayata, excl. syn.; G. Densely branched, dioecious, glabrous shrub with branchlets 



hypoleuaim Hayata, non Boerl.; G. hayatae Croizat & Hara often becoming spinelike; leaves obovate to broadly cuneate, 



Urajiro-kanko-no-ki. Shrub with slender grayish 2.5-8 cm. long, 1.2-3 cm. wide, rounded, obtuse or abruptly 



brown branches with grayish hairs; leaves chartaceous, broadly acute with obtuse rip, long-cuneate at base, whirish and be- 



oblanceolate to obovate, 5-8 cm. long, 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, gla- coming brownish when dry beneath, the petioles 1-3 mm. 



brous or nearly so, green above, paler or becoming purplish long; flowers several, fasciculate, axillary, short-pedicellate; 



brown when dry, with spreading to ascending curved whitish sepals 6, about 1.5 mm. long; capsules depressed-globose, 6-8 



hairs especially on nerves beneath, the nerves and veinlets mm. across, 4- or 5-locular; styles short, cylindric. July- 



slightly raised beneath, the petioles 1-2 mm. long, pubescent; Oct. Honshu (Kii and Ise Prov. and Chugoku Distr.), Shi- 

 flowers in few-flowered axillary fascicles, small, the pedicels to koku, Kyushu. Ryukyus. 



5 mm. long; sepals 6, about 1.5 mm. long, narrowly cuneate- 3. Glochidion hongkongense Muell.-Arg. Phyllanthus 



obovate, rounded; stigmas about 6, connate; ovary white-pubes- hong\ongcnsis (Muell.-Arg.) Muell.-Arg. Kakiba-kanko- 



cent. Kyushu (Hizen Prov.); rare. Formosa and China no-ki. Glabrous shrub with thick elongate branches; leaves 



to Philippines. obovate-, ovate-, or ellipric-oblong, sometimes ovate, 7-18 cm. 



2. Glochidion obovatum Sieb. & Zucc. Phyllanthus long, 4-6 cm. wide, acute with an obtuse rip, obliquely 



